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Copyright cases are occasionally heard by the Supreme Court of the United States. For example, in Cox Communications, Inc. v. Sony Music Entertainment the Court will decide whether "an ISP that continues to provide internet access to particular subscribers, after being notified that those subscribers’ accounts have been used to commit acts of copyright infringement, is contributorily liable for future copyright infringement on those accounts".

Several justices have published works.

The outcome of this appeal will affect how stringently ISPs will enforce copyright laws thereby potentially affecting the value of the justices' works.

(Similar observations could be made about appeals about property, for judges who own property; or appeals about taxes, for judges who pay taxes, etc.)

Since such judges have a financial incentive to rule one way or another, why do they not recuse in such cases?

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"Where all are disqualified, none are disqualified"

Due process requires judicial disqualification in two circumstances: where "a judge has a direct, personal, substantial, pecuniary interest” in a case" and where "the probability of actual bias on the part of the judge or decisionmaker is too high to be constitutionally tolerable.” Caperton v. A. T. Massey Coal Co., 556 U.S. 868 (2009).

There are also statutory disqualification requirements codified at 28 U.S.C. § 455, but none of them apply to this case.

While there can be reasonable debate over the meaningfulness of the conflict you've identified, it's hard to dispute that your premise would make judging virtually impossible.

Every justice on the Court holds copyrights, as does every judge in the appellate courts, every judge in the trial courts, and basically every person who has ever lived long enough to start drawing or writing. A rule that says "You can't decide copyright cases if you are a copyright holder" is a rule that says "No one can decide copyright cases."

And you could just as easily use this logic to disable a judge from handling virtually any kind of case. Can a justice decide a tax case if she has income? Can she decide an Establishment Clause case if she's a member of some religion? Can she decide property cases if she owns a house? Can she decide traffic cases if she drives a car? Can she decide Fourth Amendment cases if she doesn't like being spied on? Can she decide employment-law cases if her son has a job?

The further you go down that road, the clearer it becomes that you can't demand judicial disqualification simply because a judge has some indirect, theoretical interest in the outcome of a case, because one can always find such an interest for any judge, in any case. If we enforced the rule that way, there would be no one to decide any cases, and "there is a maxim of law to the effect that where all are disqualified, none are disqualified." Pilla v. Am. Bar Ass’n, 542 F.2d 56, 59 (8th Cir. 1976).

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    Indeed. And sometimes the justices invoke their own personal interests during the hearing. See United States v. Jones (2012), oral argument transcript. "John G. Roberts, Jr.: You think there would also not be a search if you put a GPS device on all of our cars, monitored our movements for a month? You think you're entitled to do that under your theory? ... So your answer is yes, you could tomorrow decide that you put a GPS device on every one of our cars, follow us for a month; no problem under the Constitution?" Commented yesterday
  • While, as you say, almost everyone owns the copyright to something we’ve created, far fewer of those could count as a “direct, personal, substantial, pecuniary interest”.  (Only those with commercial potential, or maybe just those which have been exploited commercially.)  It seems quite likely that there are justices who haven’t created material they have a “direct, personal, substantial, pecuniary” copyright interest in — and so not all are disqualified, and I don't see how you can dismiss the issue this way. Commented 15 hours ago
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    @gidds Literally every Supreme Court justice is a published author. Commented 14 hours ago
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Most justices’ book royalties are too remote to count as a direct “financial interest” in a specific copyright dispute, so recusal usually isn’t triggered. Recusal tends to be reserved for concrete, case-linked benefits (e.g., a party to the case, a specific contract, a stake in the outcome), while general shifts in copyright law are considered broadly applicable and too speculative to treat as a disqualifying conflict.

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  • This answer implies that recusal is triggered by some outside force. Supreme court justice recusal is an entirely voluntary process; there is no higher court to order them to do so. Failure to recuse may lead to reputational damage, though IMO the scenario brought up by OP is pretty innocuous. Commented 18 hours ago
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    @Brian This answer describes the grounds for recusal, not the process. Commented 17 hours ago
  • This answer appears to consist solely of its author's guesses or opinions. If that is not the case, the answer could be improved by incorporating references to actual laws supporting its main premises and conclusions. Commented 13 hours ago

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