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Pseudo-random number generation

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< cpp‎ | numeric

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C++
 
Numeri libreria
Comuni funzioni matematiche
Virgola mobile ambiente
I numeri complessi
Array numerici
Pseudo-casuale generazione
In fase di compilazione aritmetica razionale (C++11)
Generici operazioni numeriche
Original:
Generic numeric operations
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iota(C++11)
accumulate
inner_product
adjacent_difference
partial_sum
 
Pseudo-casuale generazione
Motori e adattatori del motore
Original:
Engines and engine adaptors
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linear_congruential_engine(C++11)
mersenne_twister_engine(C++11)
subtract_with_carry_engine(C++11)
discard_block_engine(C++11)
independent_bits_engine(C++11)
shuffle_order_engine(C++11)
Generatori
Original:
Generators
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random_device(C++11)
Distribuzioni
Original:
Distributions
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Distribuzioni uniformi
Original:
Uniform distributions
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uniform_int_distribution(C++11)
uniform_real_distribution(C++11)
generate_canonical(C++11)
Bernoulli distribuzioni
Original:
Bernoulli distributions
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bernoulli_distribution(C++11)
binomial_distribution(C++11)
negative_binomial_distribution(C++11)
geometric_distribution(C++11)
Poisson distribuzioni
Original:
Poisson distributions
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poisson_distribution(C++11)
exponential_distribution(C++11)
gamma_distribution(C++11)
weibull_distribution(C++11)
extreme_value_distribution(C++11)
Distribuzioni normali
Original:
Normal distributions
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normal_distribution(C++11)
lognormal_distribution(C++11)
chi_squared_distribution(C++11)
cauchy_distribution(C++11)
fisher_f_distribution(C++11)
student_t_distribution(C++11)
Distribuzioni di campionamento
Original:
Sampling distributions
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discrete_distribution(C++11)
piecewise_constant_distribution(C++11)
piecewise_linear_distribution(C++11)
Seed Sequenze
Original:
Seed Sequences
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seed_seq(C++11)
Libreria C
Original:
C library
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rand
srand
RAND_MAX
 
La biblioteca numero casuale fornisce una serie di motori generatori (entrambi pseudo-casuali, generatori di numeri interi che generano sequenze con una distribuzione uniforme, e generatore di numeri casuali se disponibile) e un insieme di classi casuali distribuzione numerica che convertono la distribuzione uniforme della motori del generatore in diverse distribuzioni statistiche.
Original:
The random number library provides a set of generator engines (both pseudo-random number generators, which generate integer sequences with a uniform distribution, and true random number generators if available) and a set of random number distribution classes which convert the uniform distribution of the generator engines into various statistical distributions.
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Tutti i motori del generatore possono essere specificamente seminato, serializzato, e deserializzazione per l'uso con simulatori ripetibili.
Original:
All of the generator engines may be specifically seeded, serialized, and deserialized for use with repeatable simulators.
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Indice

[modifica] Motori di numeri casuali

Motori di numeri casuali generare numeri pseudo-casuali utilizzando i dati di semi come fonte di entropia. Diverse classi di algoritmi di numeri pseudo-casuali generazione sono implementati come modelli che possono essere personalizzati.
Original:
Random number engines generate pseudo-random numbers using seed data as entropy source. Several different classes of pseudo-random number generation algorithms are implemented as templates that can be customized.
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La scelta di quale motore utilizzare comporta una serie di compromessi: il motore lineare congruenziale è moderatamente veloce e ha un requisito di memorizzazione molto piccola per stato. I generatori ritardate di Fibonacci sono molto veloce anche su processori senza set di istruzioni aritmetiche avanzate, a scapito della conservazione dello stato maggiore e caratteristiche spettrali a volte meno desiderabili. Il Mersenne Twister è più lento ed ha maggiori esigenze di storage di stato, ma con i giusti parametri la più lunga non ripetibile sequenza con le caratteristiche più desiderabili spettrali (per una definizione di desiderabile).
Original:
The choice of which engine to use involves a number of tradeoffs: the linear congruential engine is moderately fast and has a very small storage requirement for state. The lagged Fibonacci generators are very fast even on processors without advanced arithmetic instruction sets, at the expense of greater state storage and sometimes less desirable spectral characteristics. The Mersenne twister is slower and has greater state storage requirements but with the right parameters has the longest non-repeating sequence with the most desirable spectral characteristics (for a given definition of desirable).
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Definizione nell'header <random>
(C++11)
implementa l'algoritmo congruenziale lineare
Original:
implements congruenziale lineare algorithm
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(classe template)
(C++11)
implementa l'algoritmo Mersenne twister
Original:
implements Mersenne twister algorithm
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(classe template)
(C++11)
attrezzi sottrarre con trasporto (a ritardato Fibonacci) algoritmo
Original:
implements subtract with carry (a ritardato Fibonacci) algorithm
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(classe template)

[modifica] Random Number motore adattatori

Alcuni adattatori motore numero generare numeri pseudo-casuali con un altro motore di numeri casuali come sorgente di entropia. Essi sono generalmente utilizzati per alterare le caratteristiche spettrali del motore sottostante.
Original:
Random number engine adaptors generate pseudo-random numbers using another random number engine as entropy source. They are generally used to alter the spectral characteristics of the underlying engine.
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Definizione nell'header <random>
(C++11)
scarta qualche uscita di un motore di numero casuale
Original:
discards some output of a random number engine
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(classe template)
(C++11)
racchiude la potenza di un motore di numero casuale in blocchi di numero di bit specificato
Original:
packs the output of a random number engine into blocks of specified number of bits
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(classe template)
(C++11)
fornisce l'uscita di un motore di numero casuale in ordine diverso
Original:
delivers the output of a random number engine in different order
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(classe template)

[modifica] Predefiniti generatori di numeri casuali

Diversi algoritmi specifici richiesti sono predefiniti.
Original:
Several specific popular algorithms are predefined.
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Definizione nell'header <random>
Tipo
Original:
Type
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 Definition
minstd_rand0 std::linear_congruential_engine<uint_fast32_t, 16807, 0, 2147483647>
minstd_rand std::linear_congruential_engine<uint_fast32_t, 48271, 0, 2147483647>
mt19937 std::mersenne_twister_engine<uint_fast32_t, 32, 624, 397, 31,

                             0x9908b0df, 11,
                             0xffffffff, 7,
                             0x9d2c5680, 15,
                             0xefc60000, 18, 1812433253>

mt19937_64 std::mersenne_twister_engine<uint_fast64_t, 64, 312, 156, 31,

                             0xb5026f5aa96619e9, 29,
                             0x5555555555555555, 17,
                             0x71d67fffeda60000, 37,
                             0xfff7eee000000000, 43, 6364136223846793005>

ranlux24_base std::subtract_with_carry_engine<uint_fast32_t, 24, 10, 24>
ranlux48_base std::subtract_with_carry_engine<uint_fast64_t, 48, 5, 12>
ranlux24 std::discard_block_engine<ranlux24_base, 223, 23>
ranlux48 std::discard_block_engine<ranlux48_base, 389, 11>
knuth_b std::shuffle_order_engine<minstd_rand0, 256>
default_random_engine
Implementazione definita
Original:
implementation-defined
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non deterministica generatore di numeri casuali utilizzando entropia un'origine hardware
Original:
non-deterministic random number generator using hardware entropy source
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(classe)

[modifica] Distribuzioni di numeri casuali

Distribuzioni di numeri casuali sono post-processo l'uscita di un motore di numeri casuali o schede in modo tale che l'uscita risultante viene distribuita su una funzione di densità di probabilità statistica definita.
Original:
Random number distributions are post-process the output of an random number engine or adaptors in such a way that resulting output is distributed on a defined statistical probability density function.
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Definizione nell'header <random>
Distribuzioni uniformi
Original:
Uniform distributions
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(C++11)
produce valori interi uniformemente distribuiti in una vasta gamma
Original:
produces integer values evenly distributed across a range
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(classe template)
(C++11)
produce valori reali uniformemente distribuiti in una vasta gamma
Original:
produces real values evenly distributed across a range
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(classe template) [modifica]
(C++11)
distribuisce in modo uniforme i valori reali di precisione dato in [0, 1)
Original:
evenly distributes real values of given precision across [0, 1)
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(funzione di modello) [modifica]
Bernoulli distribuzioni
Original:
Bernoulli distributions
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(C++11)
produce valori bool su un Bernoulli distribuzione .
Original:
produces bool values on a Bernoulli distribuzione.
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(classe)
(C++11)
produce valori interi su una distribuzione binomiale .
Original:
produces integer values on a distribuzione binomiale.
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(classe template)
(C++11)
produce valori interi su una distribuzione binomiale negativa .
Original:
produces integer values on a distribuzione binomiale negativa.
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(classe template)
(C++11)
produce valori interi su una distribuzione geometrica .
Original:
produces integer values on a distribuzione geometrica.
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(classe template)
Poisson distribuzioni
Original:
Poisson distributions
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(C++11)
produce valori interi su una poisson distribuzione .
Original:
produces integer values on a poisson distribuzione.
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(classe template)
(C++11)
produce valori reali su un distribuzione esponenziale .
Original:
produces real values on an distribuzione esponenziale.
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(classe template)
(C++11)
produce valori reali su un distribuzione gamma .
Original:
produces real values on an distribuzione gamma.
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(classe template)
(C++11)
produce valori reali su una Distribuzione di Weibull .
Original:
produces real values on a Distribuzione di Weibull.
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(classe template)
(C++11)
produce valori reali su un valore di distribuzione estremo .
Original:
produces real values on an valore di distribuzione estremo.
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(classe template)
Distribuzioni normali
Original:
Normal distributions
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(C++11)
produce valori reali su una standard normale (gaussiana) di distribuzione .
Original:
produces real values on a standard normale (gaussiana) di distribuzione.
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(classe template)
(C++11)
produce valori reali su una distribuzione lognormale .
Original:
produces real values on a distribuzione lognormale.
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(classe template)
(C++11)
produce valori reali su una distribuzione chi-quadro .
Original:
produces real values on a distribuzione chi-quadro.
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(classe template)
(C++11)
produce valori reali su una Cauchy distribuzione .
Original:
produces real values on a Cauchy distribuzione.
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(classe template)
(C++11)
produce valori reali su una Fisher F-distribuzione .
Original:
produces real values on a Fisher F-distribuzione.
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(classe template)
(C++11)
produce valori reali su una T di Student distribuzione .
Original:
produces real values on a T di Student distribuzione.
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(classe template)
Distribuzioni di campionamento
Original:
Sampling distributions
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(C++11)
produce interi casuali su una distribuzione discreta .
Original:
produces random integers on a discrete distribution.
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(classe template)
(C++11)
produce valori reali distribuiti su sotto-intervalli costanti .
Original:
produces real values distributed on constant subintervals.
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(classe template)
(C++11)
produce valori reali distribuiti su sottointervalli definiti .
Original:
produces real values distributed on defined subintervals.
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(classe template)

[modifica] Predefiniti seme sequenza generatori

Definizione nell'header <random>
(C++11)
general-purpose diagonale eliminando strapazzate generatore di sequenza di semi
Original:
general-purpose bias-eliminating scrambled seed sequence generator
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(classe)

[modifica] Libreria C

Definizione nell'header <cstdlib>
genera un numero pseudo-casuale
Original:
generates a pseudo-random number
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(funzione) [modifica]
inizializza pseudo-generatore di numeri casuali
Original:
initializes pseudo-random number generator
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(funzione) [modifica]
massimo valore possibile generato da std::rand
Original:
maximum possible value generated by std::rand
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(macro costante) [modifica]
Estratto da "https://it.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/numeric/random&oldid=27297"