Tutorials

Note: it’s recommended to follow this VHDL tutorial series in order, starting with the first tutorial. In the previous tutorial – VHDL tutorial 16 – we designed a D flip-flop circuit by using VHDL. For this project, we will: Write a VHDL program to build a JK flip-flop circuit Verify the output waveform of the program…

Note: it’s recommended to follow this VHDL tutorial series in order, starting with the first tutorial. In the previous tutorial, VHDL tutorial – 17, we designed a JK flip-flop circuit by using VHDL. For this project, we will: Write a VHDL program to build the T flip-flop circuit Verify the output waveform of the program (the…

Note: it’s recommended to follow this VHDL tutorial series in order, starting with the first tutorial. In the previous tutorial, VHDL – 18, we designed a T-flip flop using VHDL. For this project, we will: Write a VHDL program a VHDL program to build a 4-bit binary counter Verify the output waveform of the program (the…

Note: it’s recommended to follow this VHDL tutorial series in order, starting with the first tutorial. In the previous tutorial, VHDL Tutorial – 19, we designed a 4-bit binary counter using VHDL. In this tutorial, we will: Write a VHDL program to build a 4-bit binary to gray, and gray to the binary code converter Verify…

Note: it’s recommended to follow this VHDL tutorial series in order, starting with the first tutorial. In the previous tutorial, VHDL Tutorial – 20, we learned how to design 4-bit binary-to-gray & gray-to-binary code converters by using VHDL. In this tutorial, we will: Write a VHDL program that builds an 8-bit, full-adder circuit Verify the output…

Note: it’s recommended to follow this VHDL tutorial series in order, starting with the first tutorial. In the previous tutorial, VHDL Tutorial – 21, we designed an 8-bit, full-adder circuit by using VHDL. In this tutorial, we will: Write a VHDL program that builds a 1-bit and an 8-bit comparator circuit Verify the output waveform of the…

This tutorial series covers embedded system design using MicroPython and the NodeMCU development board. Throughout the series, you’ll learn embedded programming with MicroPython, along with how to interface different I/O devices, sensors, actuators, and other components with the NodeMCU board. In the previous tutorials, we learned how to interface analog and digital sensors, including an IR proximity sensor, line-following…

Transparent sprites are fundamental elements in computer graphics and animation. A sprite is a two-dimensional bitmap image or animation displayed as part of a larger scene, such as a video game or digital interface. Because sprites are stored as rectangular bitmaps, transparency is needed to prevent the unused background area from appearing around the visible…

This tutorial series covers embedded system design using MicroPython and the NodeMCU development board. Throughout the series, you’ll learn embedded programming with MicroPython, along with how to interface different I/O devices, sensors, actuators, and other components with the NodeMCU board. In the previous tutorial, we learned how to interface analog sensors with NodeMCU, including potentiometers,…

This series covers embedded system design using MicroPython and the NodeMCU development board. Throughout each tutorial, you’ll learn embedded programming with MicroPython, along with how to interface different I/O devices, sensors, actuators, and other components with the NodeMCU board. Interfacing a potentiometer with NodeMCU In the previous tutorial, we learned how to interface different actuators…

In the previous tutorials, we learned how to create setups for various devices, such as ESP32, Raspberry Pi, and computers on AWS IoT Core, create and attach AWS IoT policies, and communicate data in the form of MQTT messages between Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and the AWS IoT platform. In IoT applications, devices must exchange data…

In the previous tutorial, we learned how to connect ESP32 to AWS IoT Core and exchanged messages using the MQTT broker. In this project, we’ll apply the same approach using Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi is configured to connect to AWS IoT Core, publish messages to the cloud over MQTT, and receive messages from the cloud…

In the previous tutorial, we learned how to create an AWS account and explored some of the services provided by this cloud platform. Now we’ll move on to the implementation. In this project, we’ll create a Thing in AWS IoT Core, configure an ESP32 for that Thing, and connect the ESP32 to AWS IoT Core…

In the previous tutorial, we connected a Raspberry Pi to AWS IoT Core and exchanged data between the cloud platform and the Raspberry Pi using MQTT. In many embedded applications, Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices are controlled or monitored through a desktop application. For that reason, it’s often useful to configure a computer (whether it’s a Windows…

In the previous tutorials, we demonstrated how to communicate data with AWS IoT Core using an ESP32, Raspberry Pi and a computer or laptop. We also covered device-to-device communication through AWS IoT Core using an MQTT broker. In this project, we’ll demonstrate how to communicate with AWS IoT Core using JavaScript. The application developed in this…

Artificial intelligence crossed a critical threshold in 2026. AI is no longer confined to research labs or narrow pilot programs. It sits at the strategic core of nearly every major industry, with global AI spending projected to exceed $2 trillion in 2026 alone. That is a 36% year-over-year increase. Enterprise adoption has reached 88%, though…

This tutorial series focuses on embedded system design using MicroPython and NODEMCU development board. In this series, you’ll learn embedded programming with MicroPython and how to interface different I/O devices, sensors, and actuators with the NODEMCU board. Interfacing different actuators In the previous tutorial, we learned how to interface a button and an LED with…

This tutorial series focuses on embedded system design using MicroPython and the NODEMCU development board. It introduces embedded programming concepts and shows how to interface different I O devices, sensors, and actuators with the NODEMCU board. Using an LED and button with NODEMCU The previous three tutorials in this series covered: MicroPython introduction NODEMCU pin…

When you’re a beginner entering the world of Arduino and electronics, the options can feel overwhelming. There’s often genuine confusion about where to start. What can you build with a few servos and a microcontroller? How can you move beyond blinking LEDs into real interactive devices? Let us present the idea of the “useless box.”…

The WSEN-PDMS from Würth Elektronik is a differential pressure sensor with ±1 mbar accuracy and 16-bit resolution, supporting 3.0 V to 5.5 V operation with I²C, SPI and analog interfaces. The sensor provides calibrated pressure data with optional temperature output, operates from −25°C to +85°C and includes CRC support for reliable communication. Available with multiple…