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Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center
FixedPoint
  • See Also
    • FixedPointList
    • NestWhile
    • Nest
    • ReplaceRepeated
    • RFixedPoints
    • RStabilityConditions
    • DFixedPoints
    • DStabilityConditions
  • Related Guides
    • Functional Iteration
    • Functional Programming
    • Function Composition & Operator Forms
    • Looping Constructs
    • Iterated Maps & Fractals
    • Combinatory Logic
  • Tech Notes
    • Applying Functions Repeatedly
    • See Also
      • FixedPointList
      • NestWhile
      • Nest
      • ReplaceRepeated
      • RFixedPoints
      • RStabilityConditions
      • DFixedPoints
      • DStabilityConditions
    • Related Guides
      • Functional Iteration
      • Functional Programming
      • Function Composition & Operator Forms
      • Looping Constructs
      • Iterated Maps & Fractals
      • Combinatory Logic
    • Tech Notes
      • Applying Functions Repeatedly

FixedPoint[f,expr]

starts with expr, then applies f repeatedly until the result no longer changes.

FixedPoint[f,expr,n]

stops after at most n steps.

Details and Options
Details and Options Details and Options
Examples  
Basic Examples  
Scope  
Generalizations & Extensions  
Options  
SameTest  
Applications  
Properties & Relations  
Possible Issues  
See Also
Tech Notes
Related Guides
Related Links
History
Cite this Page
BUILT-IN SYMBOL
  • See Also
    • FixedPointList
    • NestWhile
    • Nest
    • ReplaceRepeated
    • RFixedPoints
    • RStabilityConditions
    • DFixedPoints
    • DStabilityConditions
  • Related Guides
    • Functional Iteration
    • Functional Programming
    • Function Composition & Operator Forms
    • Looping Constructs
    • Iterated Maps & Fractals
    • Combinatory Logic
  • Tech Notes
    • Applying Functions Repeatedly
    • See Also
      • FixedPointList
      • NestWhile
      • Nest
      • ReplaceRepeated
      • RFixedPoints
      • RStabilityConditions
      • DFixedPoints
      • DStabilityConditions
    • Related Guides
      • Functional Iteration
      • Functional Programming
      • Function Composition & Operator Forms
      • Looping Constructs
      • Iterated Maps & Fractals
      • Combinatory Logic
    • Tech Notes
      • Applying Functions Repeatedly

FixedPoint

FixedPoint[f,expr]

starts with expr, then applies f repeatedly until the result no longer changes.

FixedPoint[f,expr,n]

stops after at most n steps.

Details and Options

  • FixedPoint always returns the last result it gets.
  • You can use Throw to exit from FixedPoint before it is finished.
  • FixedPoint[f,expr] applies SameQ to successive pairs of results to determine whether a fixed point has been reached.
  • FixedPoint[f,expr,…,SameTest->s] applies s to successive pairs of results.

Examples

open all close all

Basic Examples  (3)

Find a value such that :

Fixed point of an integer-valued function:

Repeated application of a rule until the result no longer changes:

Scope  (2)

Numerical fixed point of a function:

Fixed point of a repeated transformation:

Generalizations & Extensions  (1)

Stop after at most 10 steps:

Options  (2)

SameTest  (2)

Stop as soon as successive iterations differ by less than :

Perform exact arithmetic, but use a numerical comparison function:

Applications  (8)

Find using Newton's method:

Fixed point of a complex iteration:

Matrix-multiplication convergence:

Root of the current directory tree (the result will depend on computer system):

Repeated differentiation:

Find the minimum of with the steepest-descent method (vector notation):

Component notation:

Evaluate combinators [more info]:

Connected components in a graph:

Properties & Relations  (3)

FixedPoint gives the last element of FixedPointList:

Apply rules repeatedly until the result no longer changes using ReplaceRepeated (//.):

FixedPoint is equivalent to a particular choice of arguments of NestWhile:

Possible Issues  (2)

Calculations may not converge in a finite number of steps:

Providing a maximum number of iterations will guarantee termination:

Using a numerical test for convergence works in this case as well:

Convergence may fail in machine-precision computations due to oscillations in the final digits. Use a test function with a larger tolerance than SameQ to resolve this:

See Also

FixedPointList  NestWhile  Nest  ReplaceRepeated  RFixedPoints  RStabilityConditions  DFixedPoints  DStabilityConditions

Tech Notes

    ▪
  • Applying Functions Repeatedly

Related Guides

    ▪
  • Functional Iteration
  • ▪
  • Functional Programming
  • ▪
  • Function Composition & Operator Forms
  • ▪
  • Looping Constructs
  • ▪
  • Iterated Maps & Fractals
  • ▪
  • Combinatory Logic

Related Links

  • An Elementary Introduction to the Wolfram Language : Applying Functions Repeatedly
  • NKS|Online  (A New Kind of Science)

History

Introduced in 1988 (1.0) | Updated in 1996 (3.0)

Wolfram Research (1988), FixedPoint, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FixedPoint.html (updated 1996).

Text

Wolfram Research (1988), FixedPoint, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FixedPoint.html (updated 1996).

CMS

Wolfram Language. 1988. "FixedPoint." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 1996. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FixedPoint.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (1988). FixedPoint. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FixedPoint.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_fixedpoint, author="Wolfram Research", title="{FixedPoint}", year="1996", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FixedPoint.html}", note=[Accessed: 01-February-2026]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2025_fixedpoint, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={FixedPoint}, year={1996}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FixedPoint.html}, note=[Accessed: 01-February-2026]}

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