/**

• This code defines a blockchain system with enhanced features, including quantum-resistant cryptography, sharding, proof-of-stake (PoS), and smart contracts. Here's a breakdown of its components and capabilities:

• Components

• 1. EnhancedCryptoCoin Class
• • Main Method: Initializes the blockchain, creates wallets, and performs transactions using quantum-resistant cryptography (SPHINCS+).
• 2. Blockchain Class
• • Chain: List of blocks.
• • Difficulty: Mining difficulty.
• • UTXOs: Unspent transaction outputs.
• • Shards: Divides transactions into multiple shards for parallel processing.
• • Methods: Add genesis transaction, add block, validate chain, assign transactions to shards.
• 3. Shard Class
• • Transactions: List of transactions in the shard.
• • Methods: Add transaction, verify transactions.
• 4. Block Class
• • Hash: Current block hash.
• • Previous Hash: Hash of the previous block.
• • Transactions: List of transactions in the block.
• • Methods: Calculate hash, mine block, add transaction.
• 5. Transaction Class
• • Transaction ID: Unique identifier.
• • Sender/Recipient: Public keys of sender and recipient.
• • Value: Amount being transferred.
• • Inputs/Outputs: List of transaction inputs and outputs.
• • Methods: Calculate hash, generate signature, verify signature, process transaction.
• 6. TransactionInput Class
• • TransactionOutputId: ID of the referenced transaction output.
• • UTXO: Unspent transaction output.
• 7. TransactionOutput Class
• • ID: Unique identifier.
• • Recipient: Public key of the recipient.
• • Value: Amount being transferred.
• • Methods: Check if the output belongs to a specific public key.
• 8. Wallet Class
• • Private/Public Key: Key pair for the wallet.
• • Methods: Generate key pair, get balance, send funds.

• Capabilities

• • Quantum-Resistant Cryptography: Uses SPHINCS+ for secure transactions.
• • Sharding: Divides transactions into multiple shards for parallel processing.
• • Proof-of-Stake (PoS): Implements PoS consensus mechanism.
• • Smart Contracts: Supports smart contracts for automated transactions.
• • Transaction Verification: Verifies signatures and ensures input/output values match.
• • Mining: Mines blocks with a specified difficulty.
• • Wallet Management: Creates wallets, generates key pairs, checks balances, and sends funds.
• This system provides a robust and secure blockchain implementation with advanced features for enhanced performance and security.
• EnhancedCryptoCoin Class vs. Blockchain Class
• EnhancedCryptoCoin Class
• Purpose: Acts as the main entry point for the application.
• Functionality:
• Initializes the blockchain with a specified difficulty.
• Creates wallets for transactions.
• Performs transactions using quantum-resistant cryptography (SPHINCS+).
• Mines blocks and validates the blockchain.
• Blockchain Class
• Purpose: Manages the blockchain and its operations.
• Functionality:
• Maintains the chain of blocks.
• Handles the difficulty level for mining.
• Manages unspent transaction outputs (UTXOs).
• Implements sharding for parallel transaction processing.
• Adds genesis transactions and new blocks.
• Validates the integrity of the blockchain.
• Key Differences
• Role:
• EnhancedCryptoCoin: Acts as the main application driver.
• Blockchain: Manages the core blockchain operations and data.
• Scope:
• EnhancedCryptoCoin: Focuses on initializing and demonstrating the blockchain’s capabilities.
• Blockchain: Provides the underlying structure and methods for blockchain functionality.
• Initialization:
• EnhancedCryptoCoin: Sets up wallets, transactions, and mining processes.
• Blockchain: Handles the addition of blocks, transaction validation, and sharding.
• Summary
• EnhancedCryptoCoin: Main application class that sets up and runs the blockchain.
• Blockchain: Core class that manages the blockchain’s data and operations. */