Bothidae
| Lefteye flounders Temporal range:
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| Scaldfish, Arnoglossus laterna | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Carangiformes |
| Suborder: | Pleuronectoidei |
| Family: | Bothidae Smitt, 1892 |
| Type genus | |
| Bothus Rafinesque, 1810
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| Genera | |
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See text | |
Bothidae or lefteye flounders are a family of flounders. They are called "lefteye flounders" because most species lie on the sea bottom on their right sides, with both eyes on their left sides.[1] The family is also distinguished by the presence of spines on the snout and near the eyes.[2]
Lefteye flounders vary considerably in size between the more than 160 species, ranging from 4.5 cm (1.8 in) to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) in length.[2]
Taxonomy
[edit]The following genera are placed in this family:
- Arnoglossus
- Asterorhombus
- Bothus
- Chascanopsetta
- Crossorhombus
- Engyprosopon
- Japonolaeops
- Kamoharaia
- Laeops
- Lophonectes
- Neolaeops
- Parabothus
- Psettina
- Tosarhombus
The following fossil genera are also known:
- †Miobothus Chanet & Schultz, 1994 (Middle Miocene of Austria)[3]
- †Oligobothus Baciu & Chanet, 2002 (Early Oligocene of Romania and Poland)[4][5]
- †Oranobothus Chanet, 1996 (latest Miocene of Algeria)[6]
In 2025, a number of bothid genera were moved to their own families Monolenidae, Grammatobothidae, and Taeniopsettidae, after phylogenetic analyses noted the taxonomic complexity of this family. Many other genera within this family are likely paraphyletic.[7]
Gallery
[edit]-
Scaldfish (Arnoglossus laterna) larva -
Wide-eyed flounder, Bothus podas -
See also
[edit]- Pleuronectidae, the righteye family of flounders
References
[edit]- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Bothidae". FishBase. February 2006 version.
- ^ a b Chapleau, Francois & Amaoka, Kunio (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 224–225. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
- ^ Chanet, Bruno; Schultz, Orwin (1994). "Pleuronectiform fishes from the Upper Badenian (Middle Miocene) of St. Margarethen (Austria)". Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien (96): 95–115.
- ^ Campbell, Matthew A.; Chanet, Bruno; Chen, Jhen-Nien; Lee, Mao-Ying; Chen, Wei-Jen (2019). "Origins and relationships of the Pleuronectoidei: Molecular and morphological analysis of living and fossil taxa". Zoologica Scripta. 48 (5): 640–656. doi:10.1111/zsc.12372. ISSN 1463-6409.
- ^ Kovalchuk, Oleksandr; Bienkowska-Wasiluk, Małgorzata; Dubikovska, Anastasiia; Świdnicka, Ewa; Stefaniak, Krzysztof; Khekalo, Olga; Barkaszi, Zoltán (2025). "Oligocene flatfishes (Teleostei, Pleuronectiformes) of the Outer Carpathian Basin". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 0 e2520490. doi:10.1080/02724634.2025.2520490. ISSN 0272-4634.
- ^ "Oranobothus arambourgi n.g. n.sp.(Pisces, Pleuronectiformes, Bothidae) provenant du Messinien (Miocène supérieur) d'Oran (Algérie)". Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4ème série – section C – Sciences de la Terre, Paléontologie, Géologie, Minéralogie. 18 (4): 555–568. 1996.
- ^ Tongboonkua, Pakorn; Chanet, Bruno; Chen, Wei-Jen (2025). "Integrated Molecular and Morphological Analyses Resolve Long-Standing Classification Challenges in the Sinistral Flatfish Family Bothidae (Teleostei: Carangiformes)". Zoologica Scripta. n/a (n/a) zsc.70020. doi:10.1111/zsc.70020. ISSN 1463-6409.
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