Translation of evidence about dementia risk into effective public health policy is a challenge. In this Consensus Statement, Demnitz-King and colleagues present 56 policy recommendations for dementia prevention, providing policymakers with a foundation for designing and implementing evidence-based dementia prevention strategies, prioritizing clear communication, targeted intervention and sustained research investment.

Anti-amyloid treatments for early symptomatic Alzheimer disease have greatly increased the need for biomarker confirmation of amyloid pathology and blood biomarker tests offer an accessible and scalable biomarker test. This Consensus Statement provides recommendations for the minimum acceptable performance of blood biomarker tests for clinical use.

Approximately half of the people currently with multiple sclerosis (MS) are ≥50 years of age, yet guidelines for management of MS in older age are lacking. This Consensus statement presents the outcomes of an International Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials (IACCT) in MS workshop on ageing and MS, including recommendations for advancing research, care and awareness.

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is a treatment option for some forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), but uncertainties remain about its implementation in clinical practice and treatment protocols need to be optimized. This Consensus Statement provides guidance and recommendations for the use of AHSCT in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

Dementia has been recognized as a noncommunicable disease in a recent United Nations political declaration, but it remains under-reported and will still be left behind if changes are not made to address mortality forecasts and if governments do not take dementia more seriously. The time to act is now.

Newborn screening for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has changed the diagnostic paradigm for children with the condition, yet delays in implementation are causing inequities within the SMA community. A unified global approach is needed to implement screening and mitigate the barriers in access to high-cost treatments.

Treatment with the IL-6 receptor-blocking monoclonal antibody satralizumab is associated with a reduced risk of relapse in people with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), according to new phase III trial data.

A new phase II trial indicates that a CAR T cell therapy is beneficial in individuals with stiff person syndrome, an autoimmune disease that causes muscle stiffness and painful spasms.

Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer disease have advanced rapidly, demonstrating strong diagnostic performance and associations with clinical progression. With recommended sensitivity and specificity thresholds now established, this Clinical Outlook considers the readiness of the tests for clinical implementation.

Granulovacuolar degeneration bodies (GVBs) are lysosomal structures that appear in some neurons in response to pathological tau accumulation in Alzheimer disease. New research published in Science Advances indicates that these GVBs make neurons resilient to tau-induced neurodegeneration.