Eosinophils remodel the maternal intestine during pregnancy and lactation, promoting goblet cell differentiation and strengthening barrier immunity.

Advances in genetic engineering, immunological tools, single-cell transcriptomics and in vivo imaging have strengthened the usefulness of pigs in influenza research. Alongside standardized challenge models and optimized transmission studies, the pig model is poised to have an even greater role in the development of next-generation influenza vaccines and therapeutics.

A preprint (now published in Cell) by Scharping et al. shows that proteostasis is required to preserve the progenitor potential of CD8⁺ T cells and prevent their terminal dysfunction when chronically stimulated.

CD8⁺ T cells infiltrating the kidneys contribute to lupus nephritis by retaining cytotoxic functions despite appearing to be terminally differentiated.

Macrophages continuously ‘nibble’ healthy neighbouring cells, capturing minute amounts of cytosolic material that are preserved in specialized vesicles and preferentially routed for cross-presentation to CD8⁺ T cells.

Hu et al. report that activated T cells can enhance antigen processing and presentation in tumour cells and dendritic cells through DNA transfer by extracellular vesicles.