I am concerned by climate scientists becoming climate activists, because scholars should not have a priori interests in the outcome of their studies. Likewise, I am worried about activists who pretend to be scientists, as this can be a misleading form of instrumentalization.

Getting heritage-relevant adaptation indicators right is critical for adapting heritage to climate change. We assess the Belém Adaptation Indicators adopted at COP30 under the UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience to clarify strengths and gaps. Adoption is a significant step toward operationalising the Global Goal on Adaptation. To close outstanding gaps, we call for clear definitions, baselines and metadata that reflect tangible and intangible heritage, including diverse knowledge systems, while minimising reporting burdens by aligning with UNESCO inventories and national channels. We flag omissions and propose pragmatic fixes for credible, low‑burden monitoring and action including mixed‑methods and narrative ‘direction‑of‑travel’ measures, capacity strengthening and finance access to manage losses and damages and reposition heritage as a driver of climate‑resilient development.

Despite the promise of “AI-for-climate” to catalyze climate research and action, dominant approaches risk reproducing the same cultural patterns that have fueled ecological breakdown and its unevenly distributed harms. These patterns include human exceptionalism, technosolutionism, and epistemic universalism. By tracing these patterns, this comment situates AI-for-climate within a broader web of extractive planetary relations, examining its potential to either reinforce those relations or contribute to their repair. In doing so, it invites reflection on the ethical and epistemological challenges of co-developing AI systems that are accountable to the diverse human communities, species, and generations who share our entangled Earth.

Contrary to recent suggestions, ecotourism and park visitor management cannot decarbonise the airline and hotel sectors at industry scale, though both can contribute to other environmental benefits under some circumstances. Industry-wide decarbonisation needs institutional changes, e.g. in relation to subsidies and fuel-tax exemptions. Frameworks relying only on individual choices are insufficient. They act as political pretences for further growth in carbon emissions, and tourism land grabs in public protected areas.

This Comment examines why many countries delayed submitting updated Nationally Determined Contributions after the 2023 Global Stocktake. We argue that postponements often reflect efforts to enhance credibility and align pledges with domestic policy, rather than a lack of ambition. Based on compliance reports and case studies, we identify financial, institutional, technical, political, and strategic factors behind delays. Addressing systemic barriers is essential to restore momentum and ensure high‑quality NDCs.

Climate resilient development (CRD) offers small island developing states (SIDS) a chance to integrate climate adaptation and mitigation into development decisions that benefit civil society. Yet, present climate actions lack education capacity building across formal curriculum development, vocational training programs, and data infrastructure needed to sustain CRD in the long-term. Here, we evaluate different climate education capacity building initiatives in Grenada through stakeholder interviews (n = 39) and co-generative workshops with participants (n = 47) across education, government, and civil society sectors to debate how existing knowledge, new skill development, and enhanced educational resources can build a sustainable CRD transition.

Conversations about climate engineering are difficult to have in many spaces. While public debate deserves exploration, we focus on the difficulties scientific discussions around climate engineering face. For inspiration on how to improve this contested space we turn specifically to the history of controversial medical research. Some ways to move forward might consist of establishing an oversight mechanism, defining boundaries and introducing a specialised review system.