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APA Style

APA Style

Writing and Editing

Write With Clarity, Precision, and Inclusion

About us

APA Style is used by writers in many disciplines around the world for concise, powerful, and persuasive scholarly communication. This is the official APA Style page, maintained by APA Style experts at the American Psychological Association. Follow our other social media accounts: X: https://x.com/apa_style Facebook: https://facebook.com/apastyle Instagram: https://instagram.com/officialAPAStyle YouTube: https://youtube.com/@apastyle

Website
https://apastyle.apa.org/
Industry
Writing and Editing
Company size
201-500 employees
Founded
1929
Specialties
academic writing, editing, research methods, references, citing, citing sources, citing AI, science writing, and citing sources

Updates

  • View organization page for APA Style

    2,344 followers

    The recording from our February webinar is now available on YouTube! In this webinar, we discussed practical strategies for instructors to help students integrate sources effectively into their work. This means paraphrasing and synthetizing ideas from multiple works—without plagiarizing and with proper citations. We also discussed how teachers can encourage students to use critical thinking when using AI tools in the course of their research. The description of each video includes chapter links to bring you directly to the following topics. Part 1: 🔹 understand source types (books vs. articles vs. blog post, etc.) 🔹 abstracts as snapshots 🔹 abstract activity 🔹 read strategically to avoid getting overwhelmed 🔹 active reading with annotation 🔹 paraphrasing effectively 🔹 sentence frames for paraphrasing 🔹 mind mapping to track the flow of ideas 🔹 Should AI write your paraphrases? Part 2: 🔹 understanding how AI really works 🔹 AI as a tool (with shortcomings) 🔹 double-checking AI is learning to think critically 🔹 AI and writing feedback 🔹 AI as a source 🔹 disclosing and citing AI 🔹 AI citations and references Part 3: 🔹 Questions and Answers https://lnkd.in/eSGbyeD8

  • "Once completed, the dissertation or thesis is often submitted (with modifications) as a manuscript for publication in a scholarly journal. Thus, the dissertation or thesis often provides the foundation for a new researcher’s body of published work." If you're considering whether to adapt your dissertation or thesis into a manuscript for submission to a journal, don't miss these tips: 🔗 https://lnkd.in/gKDKk7j That guidance is from Section 12.1 of the Publication Manual (7th ed.). Consult Chapter 12 for additional guidance on preparing for publication, including how to 🔹 select a journal for publication, 🔹 prioritize potential journals, and 🔹 avoid predatory journals. #AcWri

  • If you're using generative AI tools like ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, or Perplexity, don't miss our new page of reference examples! 🔗 AI references: https://lnkd.in/e7Gq7MKW Those examples were created based on the guidelines outlined in our blog post series (https://lnkd.in/g-a9EFSw). In that series, we discuss best practices for using AI in academic writing, the importance of transparency (in citing AI use and describing one's methods), how authors should document AI prompts, and much more. #CitingAI

  • Instructors: Our Scaffolded Reference Elements Worksheet was designed to help students "create complete APA Style reference list entries." A link to this free handout is in the first comment. In this worksheet, for each element (author, date, title, and source), guidelines are provided that address the most common cases. And relevant examples are provided. Students then use those examples to identify the corresponding element in a source work that they plan to cite. We hope that you and your students find this handout helpful. And we love learning about other teaching approaches. ❓ How do you teach students to create references?

    • APA Style
7th Edition
Scaffolded Reference Elements Worksheet
  • The first paragraphs of a paper are understood to be introductory, so you do not need a formal “Introduction” heading. An introduction may include its own subsections, although this is optional. If your introduction includes subsections, start with Level 2 headings. Our site includes these guidelines (from Chapter 2 of the Publication Manual) and information about creating accessible headings. Links to free resources are in the first comment.

  • From our In-Text Citations page: "In scholarly writing, it is essential to acknowledge how others contributed to your work. By following the principles of proper citation, writers ensure that readers understand their contribution in the context of the existing literature—how they are building on, critically examining, or otherwise engaging the work that has come before." Students sometimes ask how many references a paper should include or how many citations should appear within a single paragraph. These pages on our site, adapted from portions of Chapter 8 of the Publication Manual, are a good place to begin: 🔗 https://lnkd.in/dZYbajtP 🔹 "The number of sources you cite in your paper depends on the purpose of your work. For most papers, cite one or two of the most representative sources for each key point. Literature review papers, however, typically include a more exhaustive list of references." 🔹 This page also includes guidance on how to avoid undercitation and overcitation. 🔗 https://lnkd.in/eBp9aMWQ 🔹 This page includes guidance for deciding when to paraphrase (versus directly quoting) and examples of citations within long paraphrases. ❓ What questions do you have about determining the appropriate level of citation?

  • The movie One Battle After Another was awarded Best Picture at the Oscars. APA Style references for movies follow the audiovisual works reference template in Chapter 10 of the Publication Manual or the Concise Guide to APA Style. In the Publication Manual, see Examples in Section 10.12; in the Concise Guide, see examples in Section 10.10. When there are multiple organizations in the source element of an APA Style reference, they are separated by semicolons. This is common for movies but can also happen for copublished books, websites, and other works. #APAreferences

    • APA Style reference:
Anderson, P. T. (Director). (2025). One battle after another [Film]. Warner Bros. Pictures; Ghoulardi Film Company; Domain Entertainment.
Parenthetical citation: (Anderson, 2025)
Narrative citation: Anderson (2025)

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