I just saw one of the excellent keynotes at OpenSSF Community Day, and it was such an important reminder of the importance of supporting the software ecosystems we all depend on.
Mike Fiedler from the Python Software Foundation walked us through a real supply chain attack on PyPI, a man-in-the-middle phishing campaign that compromised package maintainer credentials and slipped malware into num2words, a transitive dependency of Hugging Face Transformers (30M downloads/day).
The attacker didn’t need to breach PyPI directly. They registered a lookalike domain, built a proxy, and sent emails that looked exactly like official PyPI comms. Four maintainers clicked through. That was enough.
A not so fun fact: TOTP (those 6-digit codes we all use) offered zero protection here. The proxy just passed them through in real time. WebAuthn, a protocol that binds authentication to the actual domain, could have stopped it. Of the maintainers who clicked, the ones benefiting from other protections like WebAuthn were not compromised.
Also worth noting: the only reason PyPI had a coordinated incident response at all was Alpha-Omega funding. Without it, this falls on already overstretched maintainers.
The arms race is real. The humans in the loop still matter enormously.
If you maintain packages anywhere, like PyPI, npm, RubyGems, look into Trusted Publishing and WebAuthn.
#OpenSSF #SupplyChainSecurity