Map in JS

Last Updated : 23 Sep, 2025

A JavaScript Map holds key-value pairs and similar to Hash Map or Dictionary in other languages.

Preserves the original insertion order.
Supports any type, including objects and primitives, as keys or values. This feature allows for efficient data retrieval and manipulation.
Internally use Hashing that makes time complexities of operations like search, insert and delete constant or O(1) on average.
Only Unique Keys are allowed, if we insert the same key with a different value, it overwrites the previous one.
It is always recommended to use Maps over Objects when we have frequent insert and delete operations.

Creating a Map

Map() constructor allows two ways to create a Map in JavaScript.

Passing an Array to new Map().
Create a Map and use Map.set().

JavaScript

let myMap = new Map();
let anotherMap = new Map([
    ['name', 'GFG'],
    ['age', 30],
    ['city', 'Noida']
]);
console.log(anotherMap);

Output

Map(3) { 'name' => 'GFG', 'age' => 30, 'city' => 'Noida' }

Properties of JavaScript Map

set(key, val) : Adds or updates an element with a specified key and value.
get(key) : Returns the value associated with the specified key.
has(key) : Returns a boolean indicating whether an element with the specified key exists.
delete(key) : Removes the element with the specified key.
clear(): Removes all elements from the Map.
size: Returns the number of key-value pairs in the Map.

JavaScript

// Create a new Map
const myMap = new Map();

// 1. set(key, value)
myMap.set('name', 'GFG');
myMap.set('age', 25);
myMap.set(1, 'One'); 

console.log(myMap);


// 2. get(key)
console.log(myMap.get('name')); 
console.log(myMap.get('age')); 
console.log(myMap.get(1)); 
console.log(myMap.get('invalidKey')); 

// 3. has(key)
console.log(myMap.has('name'));
console.log(myMap.has('address')); 
console.log(myMap.has(1)); 

// 4. delete(key)
myMap.delete('age');
console.log(myMap.has('age')); 
console.log(myMap);

// 5. clear()
myMap.clear();
console.log(myMap); // Output: Map {}

console.log(myMap.size); 

myMap.set('a', 1);
myMap.set('b', 2);
console.log(myMap.size); 
console.log(myMap);

Output

Map(3) { 'name' => 'GFG', 'age' => 25, 1 => 'One' }
GFG
25
One
undefined
true
false
true
false
Map(2) { 'name' => 'GFG', 1 => 'One' }
Map(0) {}
0
2
Map(2) { 'a' => 1, 'b' => 2 }

Advantages of Using Maps:

Key order: Maps remember the insertion order of the keys.
Performance: Inserting and retrieving elements from a Map are generally faster than objects, especially when the number of elements is large.
Any type of key: Unlike objects, Map keys can be of any data type, including functions, objects, and primitive types.