5G Network Architecture

5G is the latest generation of mobile networks, following 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G. It offers very high-speed internet, with peak speeds of up to 20 Gbps and average speeds of over 100 Mbps. It uses a technology called OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) and works over wide frequency channels ranging from 100 to 800 MHz.

But 5G is more than just faster internet for mobile phones. It is designed to support all types of communication not just mobile but also for voice, non-voice, important and regular services, and especially IoT (Internet of Things) devices. 5G will help drive digital transformation and economic growth by working alongside other technologies like Wi-Fi, 4G, and new radio systems.

5G Core Network

The 5G core network is like the control center of the whole 5G system. It connects users safely and reliably to the internet and manages many important tasks like handling mobile connections, keeping track of user information, checking permissions, and applying network rules.

Unlike older networks, the 5G core is completely software-based and built to run in the cloud. This means it can be set up faster, changed easily, and works with flexible cloud technology.Experts created the 5G core following a global standard called 3GPP, which ensures it can control and manage all parts of the 5G network smoothly.

Functions of 5G network

• NRF (Network Repository Function):
  This is like a big phonebook for all the important parts of the 5G network. It helps different parts of the network find and connect with each other easily. All of the 5G network functions (NFs) in the operator's network are stored centrally in the Network Repository Function (NRF).

• PCF (Policy Control Function):
  PCF sets the rules for how the 5G network works. It helps the network manage services and make money by controlling who can do what in the network. Policy Control Function makes it simple to develop and implement policies in a 5G network.

• BSF (Binding Support Function):
  When there are many PCF systems in the network, BSF helps them work together smoothly and keeps everything organized.

• SCP (Service Communication Proxy):
  SCP acts like a traffic controller inside the network. It guides data where it needs to go, keeps the network reliable, and helps the network run safely and efficiently.

• NSSF (Network Slicing Selection Function):
  5G can split the network into parts (called slices) for different uses. NSSF helps pick the right slice for each user’s service or app.

• UDM (Unified Data Management) & UDR (User Data Repository):
  UDM is like a user manager. It checks who you are, what you’re allowed to do, and manages your access. UDR stores your user information that UDM uses. In order to complete the authentication process, it creates authentication credentials.

• AUSF (Authentication Server Function):
  AUSF checks your identity to make sure you are allowed on the network and protects your privacy. It works with other parts to keep the network secure. During the registration process, AMF(Access and Mobility Function) is in charge of choosing the proper Authentication Server Function (AUSF).

• NWDAF (Network Data Analytics Function):
  NWDAF collects and studies network data to improve user experience. It helps the network learn and act smarter based on what’s happening.

5G Architecture

In service-based or reference point representation, the interaction between network operations is depicted. Service-based is how the 5G architecture is described.

• One form of capability made available by an NF (NF Service Producer) to other authorized NF (NF Service Consumers) through a service-based interface is a network function service.
• One form of capability made available by an NF (NF Service Producer) to other authorized NF (NF Service Consumers) through a service-based interface is a network function service.
• Network functions may expose one or more services, which means that a producer may give one or more consumers access to a service-based interface.
• It consists of a number of services, each of which is composed of a number of procedures in the manner of NNRF MANAGEMENT, NBSF MANAGEMENT, etc.

Difference between 4G and 5G Network Architecture: