Anglo-Norman Intervention in the Conquest and Settlement of Tortosa, 1148-1180 Lucas Villegas-Aristizabal University of Nottingham The conquest of Tortosa is the least well-known of the three large campaigns of the Second Crusade in Iberia, at least among English-speaking historians, although Giles Constable provided a substantial account of it in his article on the Second Crusade half a century ago and in recent years Nikolas Jaspert has also written on the subject.1 Apart from the conquest of Lisbon (1147), the conquest of Tortosa is the only other expedition of the Second Crusade in Iberia for which there are references in the narrative sources to the specific involvement of Anglici.2 Other contemporary narrative sources in England and elsewhere in Europe (except for Iberia and Italy) were relatively silent about it.3 Although Cafifaro's De captione Aimerie et Tortuose is the only narrative source containing a reference to the English participation, there are abundant references in archival records. Some of these documents, especially those contained in the Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, were exploited by Ramon Miravall in his short work on the English migration to Tortosa.4 Other documents have been more recently uncovered by Antoni Virgili, which show that the number of English settlers was substantial in comparison to other areas of Norman and Anglo-Norman contributions in Iberia.5 The conquest of Tortosa had full papal support and brought the frontier of the Catalan counties fully to the Ebro valley, opening the way for the later conquests of the thirteenth century. How the Anglo-Normans came upon Tortosa is not clear from the documentary sources. It has been assumed, moreover, that the English in Tortosa were the same as, or at least a detachment of, those involved in the expedition that had captured Lisbon. If this is so, it raises the question why did so many of them not stay in Lisbon? And why did they decide to continue on their way to the Holy Land after the conquest of Lisbon and end up in the siege of Tortosa 1 Giles Constable, "The Second Crusade as Seen by Contemporaries," Traditio 9 (1953), pp. 225-28; Nikolas Jaspert, "Capta est Dertosa clavis Christ ianorum: Tortosa and the Crusades," in The Second Crusade: Scope and Consequences, ed. Jonathan Phillips and Martin Hoch (Manchester, 2001), pp. 90-100. 2 Caffaro di Rustico, De captione Almerie et Tortuose, ed. Antonio Ubieto Arteta (Valencia, 1973), p. 32. 3 Gesta Stephani, ed. and trans. K. R. Potter (Oxford, 1976), p. 127; Henry of Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum: The History of the English People, ed. and trans. Diana Greenway (Oxford, 1996), pp. 750-52. Neither text mentions anything to do with the siege and conquest. 4 Ramon Miravall, Immigracio Britanica a Tortosa (Barcelona, 1972), pp. 7-47. 5 Diplomatari de la catedral de Tortosa (1062-1193), ed. Antoni Virgili (Barcelona, 1997), pp. 130-218; El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Frederic Udina Martorell (Barcelona, 1948), p. 50. 63 64 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZAB AL and settle there?6 It is therefore the purpose of this article to explore this evidence and to show how this participation came to be and its consequence in relation to the resettlement of Tortosa after its Christian conquest. The Unification of the County of Barcelona and the Kingdom of Aragon To understand the origins of the conquest of Tortosa in 1148, one must look at the political developments preceding it in the eastern part of the peninsula. In 1134 Alfonso I of Aragon-Navarre died of wounds received in battle outside Fraga.7 Being childless, he left his kingdom to the religious orders of the Temple, the Hospital of St. John and the canons of the Holy Sepulchre. However, this testament was too idealistic to be accepted by the nobility of his two kingdoms so the nobles decided to look for a monarch of their own.8 The Navarrese chose Garcia while the Aragonese chose Ramiro, brother of Alfonso I, who was a monk.9 This ended the personal union of the two kingdoms. The Aragonese managed to persuade Ramiro to marry Inez de Poitiers. As soon as the royal couple had a daughter, Patronila, she was betrothed to Ramon Berenguer IV, count of Barcelona.10 By 1137 Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona was fully in control of Aragon as prince regent and Ramiro II was back in a monastery, even though Patronila was still an infant.11 This marriage eventually unified the Crown of Aragon and helped form an important state which counter-balanced the growing power of Castile and Leon within the peninsula until the fifteenth century. However, at this stage the Crown of Aragon was still in its infancy and Catalonia was still not united under the count of Barcelona, although his growing prestige and wealth were making him the undisputed leader of the Catalan counties. The fact that Aragon and Barcelona were not contiguous made it imperative for Ramon Berenguer IV to try to conquer what is now known as New Catalonia in order to join his two realms. This would also forestall the ability for expansion of other Catalan counts, such as the count of Urgel who became his vassal in the new territories. Continuing the process of Reconquista, which his predecessors in both Catalonia and Aragon had begun in the early twelfth century, was also of great importance to maintaining the peace within his realms, since a new noble caste was rising both in the Catalan counties 6 Matthew Bennett, "Military Aspects of the Conquest of Lisbon," in The Second Crusade, ed. Phillips and Hoch, pp. 84-85. 7 Jose Maria Lacarra, Vida de Alfonso el batallador (Saragossa, 1971), pp. 127-28. 8 Cronica del Emperador Alfonso VII, trans. Maurilio Perez Gonzalez (Leon, 1997), p. 82; Chronicle of San Juan de la Pena, trans. Lynn Harry Nelson (Philadelphia, 1991), p. 31. 9 Chronicle of San Juan de la Pena, p. 32; Joseph F. O'Callaghan, Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain (Philadelphia, 2003), pp. 40-41; Cronica del Emperador Alfonso VII, p. 82. 10 Cronica del Emperador Alfonso VII, p. 83; Chronicle of San Juan de la Pena, p. 51. 11 Jose Angel Sesma Munoz, "De la muerte de el batallador a la llegada de el primer rey de la Corona de Aragon," in La reconquista y el proceso de diferenciacion politica, ed. Miguel Angel Ladero Quesada, Historia de Espana Menendez Pidal, vol. 9 (Madrid, 1998), pp. 678-79. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 65 and Aragon which was hungry for new territories to conquer. If he had not followed their expansionist desires, Ramon Berenguer IV might have faced rebellion and instability within his territories as had occurred in the county of Barcelona in the first half of the eleventh century.12 Unlike King Afonso Henriques of Portugal, Ramon Berenguer IV did not attempt to undermine the imperial claims of Alfonso VII of Leon. Instead, he paid homage as prince regent of Aragon to the Leonese emperor.13 This nominal vassalage to the Leonese monarch allowed him to secure control of Aragon and permitted him to continue the process of reconquest.14 His friendly diplomatic relations with the emperor of Leon allowed him to take part in the conquest of Almeria, an important naval rival in the western Mediterranean (see Fig. 1). By participating in this venture he also managed to strengthen his relations with the Genoese who would later help him to conquer Tortosa.15 For this purpose, Ramon Berenguer IV knew from previous experience that he would need a naval blockade. With this in mind, he sought the help of the Genoese who, since 1146, had agreed to join any military expedition to take the city.16 The Genoese were a thriving Christian sea power with growing interests in the Iberian peninsula. For the Italian city-states, the attack on Tortosa also had great economic advantages, as had that against Almeria.17 With it, the Genoese were able to destroy another important pirate stronghold and commercial competitor in the western Mediterranean.18 Apart from augmenting their markets and the colonial outposts in Spain, the Genoese were also inspired by a crusading zeal, clearly aroused by the popes in the decades since the First Crusade, for campaigns of reconquest in Iberia.19 Sources for the Conquest of Tortosa Contemporary Iberian sources for the conquest of Tortosa do not give details concerning the events of the siege and conquest of the city. Even later Iberian chronicles do not give much information, apart from the fact that Tortosa was conquered by Ramon Berenguer IV with help from the Genoese. As for the conquest of Almeria, Caffaro wrote a relatively detailed account of the taking of Tortosa by 12 Richard Fletcher, "Reconquest and Crusade in Spain, c. 1050-1150," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th series, 37 (1987), pp. 31-47. 13 Cronica del Emperador Alfonso VII, p. 84. 14 Emilio Morera y Llaurado, Tarragona cristiana, vol. 1 (Tarragona, 1982), pp. 397-98. 15 Jaspert, "Tortosa and the Crusades," p. 92. 16 Codice diplomat ico dell a repubblica di Genova, ed. Cesare Imperiale di Sant' Angelo (Rome, 1936), no. 169. The Balearic Islands were conquered by Ramon Berenguer III with Pisan help in 1113- 14 but they were soon reconquered by the Almoravids. See Morera y Llaurado, Tarragona cristiana, vol. l,pp. 380-96. 17 Blanca Gan, "Why Almeria? An Islamic Port in the Compass of Genoa," Journal of Medieval History 18 (1992), pp. 211-33. 18 Jaspert, "Tortosa and the Crusades," p. 93. 19 Ibid., p. 93; Gan, "Why Almeria?" pp. 211-17. Fig. 1 Sea routes of the Second Crusade THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 67 the crusaders and it is the only narrative source to mention English involvement in the siege of the city.20 Although Caffaro's narrative is detailed from the point of view of the Genoese at the siege, his reference to the English participation is brief.21 Caffaro's work is, however, complemented by Genoese documents relating to the conquest of the city that were published by Cesaere Imperiale in 1936.22 However, the inadequacies of the narrative records can be compensated for by the relative abundance of excellent archival material.23 Antoni Virgili, an expert on the conquest and settlement of Tortosa, has compiled a substantial collection of the records in question as part of the Diplomatari de la catedral de Tortosa.24 Most of the charters are not directly about the English settlers but contain their names as witnesses. This compilation of charters is by far the largest of all the compilations of documents relating to the settlement of the city that exist in published form, but like others it suffers from the same problematic attribution of second names to English families, for example "Angles" and "Anglici." It also mentions a number of names whose Englishness is not certain, such as "Salvagnac" and "Morlans." There are also two cartularies from the two most important monasteries of New Catalonia: Poblet and Santes Creus. These two manuscripts are kept in the municipal library of Tarragona. They were both written at the end of the twelfth century or the beginning of the thirteenth.25 The charters and other documents from the monastery of Santes Creus were compiled in a book known as the Llibre Blanch, perhaps because at some point it possessed a white parchment or leather cover.26 While the published form of the cartulary of Poblet follows the order of the charters as copied into the cartulary, in the Llibre Blanch Frederic Udina Martorell reordered them chronologically. This hides the fact that in the manuscript most of the charters concerning the English are placed together on folios 100-124, which suggests that the monks thought it important to keep the English community's documents close together. Agustin Altisent, a Catalan historian, has compiled another collection from the records of the monastery of Poblet, which includes documents that were 20 Caffaro, De captione Almerie et Tortuose, pp. 30-35. 21 Ibid., p. 32. 22 Documentation relating to the Genoese settlement survives in many compilations in Spain and in Italy. See Codice diplomatic, nos. 159, 166, 168, 169, 174, 182, 190, 191, 193, 194, 196, 202, 214, 215,216, 243 and 244. 23 All the documents relating to the conquest and settlement of Normans and Anglo-Normans in the valley of the Ebro are listed in chronological order in the Appendix to this article. The information is set out as a table to give a clearer presentation of the content of each document. It also allows shorter footnote references to be given to the main text. The table is supplemented by an Index of Norman and Anglo-Norman names mentioned in the documents. 24 I was unable to visit the archive of the cathedral where these documents are kept because the archive room was inaccessible after the staircase access to the room had fallen during restoration. I have used the edited versions by Virgili. 25 Cartulari de Poblet: edicio del mamtscrit de Tarragona, ed. Joan Pons i Marques (Barcelona, 1938), p. 9; El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, pp. vii-1. 26 El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, pp. vii-ix. 68 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL not incorporated in the original cartulary but which are now found in the National Archive of Spain in Madrid.27 There are also some other very important documents which belonged to the ancient monastery of Santa Anna in Barcelona and which are now held in the Diocesan Archive of Barcelona. These have been published recently by Jesus Alturo i Perucho.28 The two most important for this article are one relating to an early donation to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, in which the leader of the English contingent is named as Balluini de Carona. In the other, the English cemetery is mentioned and two of the main Anglo-Normans are listed as witnesses: Gilbert Anglici and Gerald of Salvagnac.29 The Prelude to the Conquest of Tortosa The siege of Tortosa had been attempted by previous counts of Barcelona, but it was not until the reign of Ramon Berenguer IV that it was possible to undertake such a venture with a realistic chance of success.30 This is because by this date the larger cities of the Ebro valley, such as Saragossa and Tudela, were in Christian hands. In the case of Saragossa, Ramon Berenguer IV was now the prince regent of Aragon and could use his Aragonese resources and possessions as a base to hamper the Muslims in Tortosa.31 Moreover, the approval shown by the papacy for this campaign made it possible to give this expedition the status of crusade.32 This was an important bonus since it permitted the Barcelonese count to recruit, as Afonso Henriques had done, the help of the Anglo-Norman contingent and others from southern France, Cologne and the Low Countries. The crusader status also permitted the count to use the very great wealth of the Church to finance the expedition.33 He was able to encourage the Genoese fleet, which scarcely required an incentive, to 27 Diplomatari de Santa Maria de Poblet, ed. Agustin Altisent (Barcelona, 1994). See Appendix. 28 L 'arxiu antic de Santa Anna de Barcelona del 942-1200, ed. Jesus Alturo i Perucho (Barcelona, 1985), no. 268; Appendix, no. 31. 29 Ibid. 30 Antoni Virgili, Ad detrimentum Yspanie: La conqnesta de Turf ma i la formacio de la societat feudal 1148-1200 (Valencia, 2001), p. 43; Jaspert, "Tortosa and the Crusades," pp. 90-93. 31 Virgili, Ad detrimentum Yspanie, pp. 46-50; Jose Goni Gaztambide, Historia de la bula de la cruzada en Espana (Vitoria, 1958), pp. 85-87. 32 A papal letter of Eugenius III gives the campaign of Ramon Berenguer IV against Tortosa the same status as that launched against the Muslims in the Holy Land: Archivo de la Corona de Aragon en Barcelona, Cancilleria, leg. 1, no. 14. Goni Gaztambide and Constable date it to 22 June 1148 but recently Virgili has suggested it might be from 1147, which certainly gives enough time for it to have been used to attract the interest of the Anglo-Norman crusaders, since it is well accepted that the siege ended by December 1148: see Giles Constable, "A Note on the Route of the Anglo-Flemish Crusaders of 1147," Speculum 28 (1954), p. 526; Goni Gaztambide, Historia de la bula de la cruzada, p. 86; Virgili, Ad detrimentum Yspanie, p. 45; I.S. Robinson, "The Papacy, 1122-1198," in The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 4.2, ed. David Luscombe and Jonathan Riley-Smith (Cambridge, 2004), p. 347. 33 Virgili, Ad detrimentum Yspanie, p. 44. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 69 accept his proposals for conquering Tortosa. The status of crusade would certainly have helped encourage this party to play a part.34 The Anglo-Normans' Arrival at Tortosa How the Anglo-Norman contingent came to be involved in this expedition is not clear from the evidence. There is no surviving accord between the English and the count, nor are there Norman chronicles of the events of the expedition. Constable suggested that the Anglo-Norman crusaders were the same as those who besieged and conquered Lisbon in 1147, or at least a detachment of them.35 This might be so, but there is no real evidence for this apart from the Chronica Regia of Cologne which suggests that Tortosa was conquered soon after by the Christian armies who had been involved in the Lisbon campaign.36 However, there does not seem to be another explanation for how the English contingent became involved in this expedition apart from the possibility that they were directly invited by the count, perhaps through contacts in England and Normandy of his Norman vassal Robert Burdet.37 This is not substantiated however, since none of the documents that show that Burdet acquired lands in Tortosa after its conquest link him in any way with the Anglo-Norman names.38 The more likely scenario, as stated above, is that the Anglo-Norman contingent involved in the Tortosa crusade came into contact with either the count or the Genoese or both, as they passed the Straits of Gibraltar and stopped in the newly conquered city of Almeria for provisions.39 It is also possible that they were invited by a third party or an agent working for the Genoese or the 34 Codies diplomatico, no. 168. 35 Constable, "A Note on the Route of the Anglo-Flemish Crusaders," pp. 525-26. 36 Chronica regia Coloniensis, ed. Georg Waitz (Hanover, 1880), p. 86; Constable, "A Note on the Route of the Anglo-Flemish Crusaders," p. 526. 37 Robert Burdet was a Norman adventurer who had arrived in Iberia in the 1120s as part of the retinue of Rotrou of Perche and who was involved in the campaigns of Alfonso the Battler in the Ebro valley. He received grants in Tudela. He was later chosen by Archbishop Olegario of Tarragona to restore the archiepiscopal see under the title of prince. Moreover, from 1130 to the 1150s he and his family administered and ruled the city and its territories. See Appendix, nos. 1, 20, 21, 26, 28, 30, 34, 35, 37,39,45,49, 68. Joaquim Miret i Sans, "La familia de Robert Burdet, el restaurador de Tarragona," in Segundo congreso de historia de la corona de Aragon: actas y memorias, ed. Justo Martinez, vol. 1 (Huesca, 1922), pp. 53-74; Lawrence J. McCrank, "Norman Crusaders in the Catalan Reconquest: Robert Burdet and the Principality of Tarragona," Journal of Medieval History 7 (1981), pp. 67-82; Eloy Benito Ruano, "El principado de Tarragona," in Estudis d 'historia oferts a Ramon d'Abadal i de Vinyals en el centenari del seu naixement, ed. Jaume Sobreques i Callico, Sebastia Riera i Viader and Ramon de Abadal y Vinyals (Barcelona, 1994), pp. 107-19; Antonio Maria Jorda Fernandez, "Terminologia juridica i dret comu: a proposit de Robert Bordet, 'Princeps' de Tarragona (s. XII)," in El temps sota control: Homenatge a E. Xavier Ricoma Vendre/l, ed. Manuel Ruisanchez and Xavier Vendrell (Tarragona, 1997), pp. 355-62; Lucas Villegas-Aristizabal, "Norman and Anglo-Norman Participation in the Iberian Reconquista, c. 1018-c. 1248," unpublished PhD thesis (Nottingham, 2007), pp. 108-45. 38 Appendix, nos. 60, 78, 60. 39 Morera y Llaurado, Tarragona cristiana, vol. 1, p. 417. 70 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL Barcelonese count. Yet a further possibility is that the Anglo-Norman and Flemish fleets which had taken part in the siege of Lisbon decided to follow the Iberian coast round to Barcelona after they had sacked Faro in February 1148 and in this way came directly into contact with the Barcelonese either in Tarragona or Barcelona itself.40 If this was so, the papal bull of Eugenius III would have served as an important form of encouragement for the Anglo-Norman crusaders' involvement: We beg, warn and exhort in the Lord to all the Christian faithful to vanquish the infidels and enemies of the cross of Christ with virility and do not doubt to join the noble man Ramon, count of Barcelona, for the defence of the Christian faith and the whole of the Holy Church. For this purpose, we confirm by our apostolic authority the same remission of sins that the blessed Pope Urban II, of whom we have happy memories, granted for the liberation of the Church.41 Certainly the equation of the crusade to the Holy Land with the expedition led by Ramon Berenguer IV, together with the presence of Nicholas Breakspear as a non- official papal legate, must have been reason enough for the Anglo-Normans that had been involved in the Lisbon campaign to contribute to this expedition without official encouragement from the pope himself. In the eyes of contemporaries and of the Church this proclamation made the expedition a crusade.42 As an Englishman, Nicholas Breakspear (the future Pope Adrian IV) would have been a familiar face to those crusaders who were acquainted with him or his family. Breakspear was from Hertfordshire and probably well known in southern England where the majority of the expedition originated.43 His reputation as abbot of Saint RufTus and his position 40 Constable, "A Note on the Route of the Anglo-Flemish Crusaders," pp. 525-26. 41 Virgili, Ad detrimentum Yspanie, p. 44, n. 23: "Rogamus monemus et exhortamus in Domino quatenus ad expugnacionem infidelium et inimicorum Crucis Christi viriliter accingamini et cum nobili viro Raimundo Barchinone comite pro defensione christiane fidei et tocius sancta ecclesie cum devotione proficisci nullatenus dubitentis. Ut autem pro tanto labore dignum premium vos habituros speretis illam peccatorum remissionem que a predecessore nostro felicis memorie papa Urbano ad liberationem ecclesie tunc transeuntibus statuta est vobis auctoritate apostolica confirmamus." 42 Jaspert, "Tortosa and the Crusades," p. 92. 43 Details of Englishmen in the Iberian campaigns of the Second Crusade have also survived in documents relating to the granting of lands made after the conquest of Tortosa. The most notable of them, because of the abundance of documentary sources about them, are "Gilbert," "Osbert," and "Jordan." Unfortunately, because of the cryptic form of the names of these Englishmen who appear mostly with the surname Anglici or Angles, it is hard to identify exactly their place of origin in England. Nonetheless, Richard Fletcher, Moorish Spain (London, 2001), p. 146, suggested that Gilbert was from Devon, based on the fact that in his will he granted land to a Robert of Totnes. However, there are two groups of English in Tortosa whose surnames Savigne and Caron seem to link them directly with East Anglia, which implies that some other participants were also from this area. There is evidence from Domesday Book that members of these two families settled in East Anglia after the Norman conquest of England: see Lewis C. Loyd, The Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Families, ed. Charles Travis Clay and David Douglas (Leeds, 1951), pp. 25, 95. It is likely that those involved on the Lisbon campaign and the Tortosa campaign were members of the same expedition, since there is no mention of the formation of a crusading expedition in England except for those who went to Lisbon. German sources also confirm that many of the Lisbon campaign's active players continued on their way to Jerusalem after the fall THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 71 were additional incentives for the crusaders to get involved in the planned siege.44 The involvement of Breakspear would have been of great practical importance as he could address the Anglo-Norman crusaders in their own language. This familiarity would have created a better climate of trust between the crusaders and the Iberian ruler, which had not been the case in Portugal.45 This certainly would help to explain why so many crusaders stayed at Tortosa when they could have easily stayed at Lisbon after its conquest if part of the purpose of their expedition was to gain some wealth through the acquisition of land. Confidence in the count as overlord made it more likely for these crusaders to settle without too much hesitation. On the other hand, as shown above, the papacy did seem to have a clear policy of crusade for Tortosa. The introduction of a papal letter of support for the expedition was certainly more convincing to the crusaders of the worthiness of their cause than the arguments mentioned in De expugnatione Lyxbonensi, which were placed by the author in the mouth of the bishop of Porto.46 Not having a papal bull, the local clergy had had to resort to their own theological arguments to justify that military venture as part of the general crusade. However, Tortosa - like Almeria, Faro and Lisbon before - was not in the Holy Land and it is likely that not all the crusaders who had been involved in Lisbon were also involved in Tortosa.47 The conquest of Tortosa was achieved after a long siege, during which the Genoese played a vital part by blockading the river route into the Ebro. The role played during this siege by the Anglo-Normans was briefly recorded by Caffaro: "Also the English with the Templars and many other foreigners located themselves near the area of the Remolins on the river bank."48 Here he suggests that the Anglo- Normans used their fleet to reinforce the Genoese and the Templars to attack the area of Remolins on the western side of Tortosa.49 The Anglo-Norman contribution therefore may have been substantial but certainly not as great as that of the Genoese, who after the conquest received a great section of the city with similar conditions of of this city: see Constable, "A Note on the Route of the Anglo-Flemish Crusaders," pp. 525-26; Susan Edgington, "Albert of Aachen, Saint Bernard and the Second Crusade," in The Second Crusade, ed. Phillips and Hoch, p. 67; Cardinal Boso, "Life of Adrian IV," in Adrian IV: The English Pope, 1154- 1159, ed. Brenda Bolton and Anne J. Duggan (Aldershot, 2003), p. 215; Appendix, no. 34. See the Index to the Appendix for a comprehensive list of the Anglo-Norman settlers in Tortosa and the surviving evidence for their lives in the city and its territory. 44 Damian J. Smith, "The Abbot-Crusader: Nicholas Breakspear in Catalonia," in Adrian IV, ed. Bolton and Duggan, pp. 30-32. 45 Bennett, "Military Aspects of the Conquest of Lisbon," pp. 84-85. 46 De expugnatione Lyxbonensi, ed. and trans. Charles W. David, with a new foreword and bibliography by Jonathan Phillips (New York, 2001), pp. 70-101. 47 Jonathan Riley-Smith, "The Templars and the Castle of Tortosa in Syria: An Unknown Document Concerning the Acquisition of the Fortress," English Historical Review 84 (1969), pp. 278-84. 48 Caffaro, De captione Almerie et Tortuose, p. 32: "Angli namque, una cum militibus Templi et cum multis aliis alienigenis, desuper uersus romelinum iuxta flumen steterunt." 49 Virgili, Ad detrimentum Yspanie, pp. 60-67. 72 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL exemption from dues to the count for trade as seems to have been accorded to the English after the conquest of Lisbon.50 Apart from Caffaro's mention of the Anglo-Normans, there is another reference that helps to shed light on the makeup of the Anglo-Norman contingent. This is a charter of a donation of houses in Tortosa to the canons of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem. This charter was originally in the monastery of Santa Anna in Barcelona and is now located in the diocesan archive. It is of great importance to this study not only because it is one of the first charters to survive from after the fall of Tortosa but, more importantly, because it shows in its witness list that the Anglo-Norman contingent was organized under the leadership of a stabulari.51 This reference to the leader is different from the more common constabulari, but both clearly refer to a marshal. The name of this leader was Balluini de Carona, perhaps a Hispanicization of the name Caron or Cairon, a family originally from the Calvados region in Normandy.52 According to Domesday Book, this family had settled in Bedfordshire after the Conquest.53 If Balluini de Carona was a descendant of this family, it is probable that, like Harvey of Glanville (the leader of the East Anglian contingent involved in the conquest of Lisbon), he came from south-east England. It is thus possible that Balluini and some of the contingent that went to Tortosa were a detachment of Harvey of Glanville's group from East Anglia who were involved in the conquest of Lisbon. Moreover, this charter certainly confutes Morera y Llaurado's claim that Gilbert Anglici was the leader of the Anglo-Norman contingent that was involved in Tortosa.54 As will be shown, both Gilbert Anglici and Gerald of Salvagnac were very important in the Anglo-Norman repopulation of Tortosa and perhaps after the disappearance of Balluini they became the leaders of the new community. One of the problems concerning Balluini de Carona is that he does not appear in any other charter concerning the repopulation of Tortosa. Moreover, Gerald of Salvagnac and Gilbert Anglici, who are commonly referred to in later charters, are not mentioned in this first charter. There is a "Gilbert A." mentioned in a charter of 1149, but it is impossible to be sure that this is the Gilbert Anglici who appears so often in many of the charters of Tortosa that survive in the cartularies of Poblet and Santes Creus, and in the documents in the cathedral of Tortosa. The lack of reference in other documents to the stabulari of the Anglo-Norman contingent might indicate that he did not stay in Tortosa but perhaps continued on his way to the Holy Land, as many of the crusaders preferred to do after the conquest of Lisbon.55 He might have felt inclined to fulfil his crusading vow by continuing his pilgrimage, or he might have died soon after the event. The existence of this stabulari as head of 50 De expugnatione, pp. 112-15. 51 Appendix, no. 31. 52 Loyd, The Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Families, p. 25. 53 Domesday Book, vol. 34, ed. John Morris (Chichester, 1986), cols. 210, 210b, 212, 212b, 214b. 54 Morera y Llaurado, Tarragona cristiana, vol. 1, p. 417. 55 Chronica regia Co/oniensis, p. 86. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 73 the expedition is clear from the source. It seems likely that, as De expngnatione Lyxbonensi explains, the appointment of leaders was done from within the ranks, based perhaps on seniority and personal prestige within the group.56 However, as Balluini de Carona is not mentioned in De expugnatione, one might assume that he was chosen during the expedition's move from Lisbon to Tortosa, something which is not narrated in this chronicle or any other known source. The Anglo-Norman Settlers Although the details of the Anglo-Norman military input into this campaign are scarce, information regarding the post-conquest settlement compensates with abundant detail. The careers of men like Gilbert, John, Osbert and Jordan Angles, and Gerald, Stephen and William Salvagnac can be traced individually from around the first decade of the conquest of Tortosa to the last decade of the twelfth century.57 Of all the Norman or Anglo-Norman families the only one that can be traced back to a specific area of England is the Salvagnac or Savigne, which has usually been classified as Anglo-Norman, perhaps because of this family's very close relationship with other Anglo-Normans with the Anglici surname, such as Gilbert and Osbert, as Miravall suggested.58 Their distinctive surname, which makes them likely to belong to at least the lower nobility, does not, however, guarantee that they were indeed of Norman origin since the name Salvagnac also exists in southern France and the southern French nobility is well documented as having contributed to the conquest of Tortosa under the leadership of Count William of Montpellier.59 However, one important detail about Gerald of Salvagnac, who is the most frequently mentioned of the Salvagnacs in Tortosa, is that the surname appears written in an array of spellings such as Salvaic, Silvanico, Salvinicho, Sovagne and Salvanacho. If the surname of this family whose members (Stephen, William and Gerald) have typical Anglo-Norman names is just a misspelling by a succession of Iberian scribes who repeatedly tried to Latinize this foreign surname in the charters of Tortosa from the early 1150s to the late 1180s, it is possible that it was referring to the Anglo-Norman family of Savenie or Savigne.60 This would be significant since, like the Glanvilles and the Carons, the Savignes were originally from Calvados in Normandy and possessed lands in East Anglia.61 If this is the 56 De expugnatione Lyxbonensi, pp. 54—55. 57 See Index of the Appendix. 58 Miravall, Immigracio britanica a Tortosa, pp. 57-75; Virgili, Ad detrimentum Yspanie, p. 56. "Qigre are_alsfLa few references to_some Morlans who could he Anglo-Normans hut who could also he Gascons or Bretons. See Appendix, nos. 32, 44, 125. 59 Caffaro, De captione Almerie et Tortuose, p. 32: "Alia uero pars desuper a montana loca, nomine Bagnare, cum comite W(illielmo) Montispesulani tentoria poserunt." 60 Loyd, The Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Families, p. 95. 61 Domesday Book, vol. 34, cols. 373b, 375b, 376b. 74 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL case, it is all the more significant because, like the Glanvilles, the Savigne were also vassals of the Bigods. During the period of "the Anarchy" they were led by the troublesome Hugh Bigod, an influential figure, who changed sides on many occasions in order to expand his domains at the expense of both warring factions.62 It is possible that his vassals did not always appreciate his political manoeuvres and were inclined to leave his service by joining a crusade. Gerald of Savigne, as such, does not seem to appear in any English charter. Gerald is by far the best documented of the Anglo-Normans and of the Salvagnacs, with charters dating from 1151 referencing his possessions in Xerta to the late 1180s, when it appears that he was already dead.63 He is named in 63 charters as signatory and there are references in nine surviving documents to his lands and wealth.64 His prominence and the fact that he kept his Anglo-Norman surname may also indicate that he, together with Gilbert Anglici, was one of the main leaders of the Anglo-Norman community that settled in Tortosa after the disappearance from the historical record of Balluini de Caron after 1149. Whilst the majority of Anglo-Norman settlers do not have a locative surname more specific than Anglici, some of their careers after they came to Tortosa can be followed in considerable detail. The most obvious examples are Gilbert Anglici, Osbert Angles and John Angles. For Gilbert Anglici there are eight charters which have direct reference to his career in Tortosa and there are twelve more documents where his possessions are mentioned, together with forty-two documents where he appears as a witness. Gilbert Anglici received lands and houses inside the city walls from the count of Barcelona and acquired a substantial group of estates growing vines and olives through his business deals with other settlers.65 Morera y Llaurado, Miravall and Jaspert have all suggested that Gilbert was indeed the most prominent, and perhaps the leader, of the Anglo-Norman community in Tortosa.66 This has also been discussed by Virgili, who showed that Gilbert's influence and wealth were so great that he became an important business partner of the house of Montcada, one of the most significant noble families in the area at the time.67 Gilbert did indeed receive enough land and fiefs from Ramon Berenguer IV to make him a very wealthy man, as is shown in charters relating to his possessions. Moreover, among the new citizens of Tortosa after its conquest, Gilbert is one of the most common witnesses to the grants by Ramon Berenguer IV and his successors.68 Even during the reign of Alfonso II of Aragon, Gilbert received from the monarch 62 Andrew Wareham, "The Motives and Politics of the Bigod Family c. 1066-1177," Anglo-Norman Studies 17 (1994), pp. 233-39. 63 The first document mentioning him is a donation of some houses in the interior of Tarragona given to him by the count of Barcelona in 1151: see Appendix, no. 36. 64 See Index of the Appendix. 65 Appendix, nos. 141, 159, 173, 201, 209. 66 Morera y Llaurado, Tarragona cristiana, vol. 1, p. 417; Miravall, Immigracio britanica a Tortosa, p. 9; Jaspert, "Tortosa and the Crusades," p. 98. 67 Appendix, no. 134; Virgili, Ad detrimentuni Yspanie, p. 233. 68 Appendix, nos. 38, 120, 133, 144, 145, 197. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 75 himself a donation of a house inside the city walls in reward for his services and aid in helping to demarcate a street.69 Certainly by the 1160s Gilbert had become a very wealthy and influential person in Tortosan society. Gilbert was even able to bequeath property and money to religious institutions such as the cathedral of Tortosa, and to religious orders that had originated in the Holy Land, such as the Templars and the Hospitallers.70 His ability to give away fiefs to these orders not only shows his power, but also suggests, as Jaspert stated, that perhaps, as a crusader, he felt obliged to support these institutions since he had not reached the Holy Land himself to fulfil his vow.71 However, the grants of lands to the military orders in Tortosa need not necessarily mean that the Anglo-Normans felt they had not fulfilled their vows. It certainly indicates that the crusader colony became integrated with the larger land-owning institutions in the region, both for practical and ideological reasons. Nonetheless, it is apparent that Gilbert identified more with the cathedral of Tortosa, where his brother Theobald was a canon, and with the monastery of Santes Creus than with other ecclesiastical institutions of Tortosa.72 He appears as signatory in eleven documents in the Llibre Blanch73 and seven documents from the cathedral archive.74 Of the documents which directly relate to Gilbert, perhaps the most interesting is the testament made by Osbert Anglici when he decided to make his trip to the Holy Land in 1166.75 This will suggests that at least some Anglo-Norman crusaders who had joined the expedition to Tortosa had originally intended to go to Jerusalem, but had been distracted on the way, settling in Tortosa. Moreover, because of their crusading vows those who died in the battle were buried in the English cemetery which was located close to the church of the Holy Sepulchre, perhaps as Jaspert suggested, to fulfil in a spiritual way their crusading vows.76 However, in the case of Osbert Anglici, after more than a decade of living comfortably in Tortosa, he decided to fulfil his vow to go to Jerusalem and made his will in case he did not return. He appointed the most prominent Anglo-Norman settlers, Gerald of Salvagnac or Savigne and Gilbert Anglici, as guarantors of his will. Osbert's case, however, is unique in Tortosa where he was the only one of the Anglo-Normans, about whom we know, who later specifically planned to go to Jerusalem. Yet it is likely that many from England who settled there had been under a crusading vow. Although they did not go to Jerusalem in the end, they tended to leave land and property at their new homes to the military orders, which were originally created to protect the holy places in the Holy Land and later became involved in the crusades in Iberia. 69 Appendix, no. 108. 70 Appendix, no. 156. 71 Jaspert, "Tortosa and the Crusades," p. 99. 72 Appendix, no. 156. 73 Appendix, nos. 100, 106, 127, 141, 156, 157, 163, 164, 165, 180, 190. 74 Appendix, nos. 115, 152, 159, 173, 176, 177,201. 75 Appendix, no. 115. 76 Jaspert, "Tortosa and the Crusades," p. 99. 76 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL The Impact of the Anglo-Norman Crusading Colony Certainly, the new Anglo-Norman community played an important part in the Christian settlement of this border town.77 The settlement of Tortosa is a well- documented example of the mid-twelfth-century attempt by the Christian leaders of Iberia to extirpate the original Islamic settlements by destroying their systems of agriculture and seizing their land.78 The documentation shows how Ramon Berenguer IV rewarded his supporters by allocating large sections of the city and its territories to them at the expense of the Saracen communities. In this the Anglo- Norman settlers played their part, as is clearly visible in earlier charters of donation where previous Muslim ownership of the land concerned is directly referred to in grants and later sales of lands or rights.79 The formation of a Christian society in the lower valley of the Ebro was not just the result of the northern European involvement in the conquest of the city but of local realities, which existed already in this part of the peninsula.80 However, the formation of this social structure was certainly conducive to integrating incoming foreign Christians like the Anglo-Normans into the local communities. It is clear that, although the Anglo-Normans were a distinct minority, this factor did not stop them from interacting in business with other groups, as is shown in the documentation. Many of the members of the Anglo-Norman community appear as witnesses and active participants in transaction documents relating to local Catalans. The Anglo-Normans were clearly involved in the local agricultural economy, as many sources mention that they possessed vineyards, olive orchards and fruit trees on their lands.81 From the original partition of Tortosa, it is known that the city and its territory were divided among the count, the republic of Genoa and the military orders.82 Although Ramon Berenguer IV seemed to have no objections to granting lands and properties to the newcomers, most of the evidence for the actual donations to Anglo-Normans dates to at least four to five years after the actual conquest of the city. For the most prominent Anglo-Norman settlers, like Gilbert Anglici and Gerald of Salvagnac, there are some comital donations that date from 1151.83 Morera y Llaurado claimed that Geoffrey Anglici received a donation in 1150 from the count in Tortosa. This, however, cannot be proved, because the document he quoted does 77 Virgili, Ad detrimentum Yspanie, p. 57. 78 Antoni Virgili, "El monestir de Santes Creus i Tortosa (segles XII—XIII)," Resclosa 7 (2002), pp. 35-36; Pierre Bonnassie, From Slavery to Feudalism in South-Western Europe, trans. Jean Birrell (Cambridge, 1991), pp. 164-65. 79 Appendix, nos. 72, 138, 168, 177, 189, 194. 80 Antoni Virgili, "Conqueridors i colons a la frontera: Tortosa, 1148-1212," Recerques: Historia, economiay cultura 43 (2001), p. 52; Bonnassie, From Slavery to Feudalism, pp. 164-65, 233. 81 See Appendix. 82 Morera y Llaurado, Tarragona cristiana, vol. 1, pp. 415-16. 83 Ibid., p. 416. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 77 Alfiama Aifara Palomera,. Vila Rubea (Vala roja)9 Remollns Tortosa Vina^op Antic Aldea Fig. 2 The territory of Tortosa with its associated villages. not actually indicate that it was Geoffrey Anglici, although a later charter seems to suggest that it was.84 The Anglo-Norman community seems to have had most of its properties north of the city. The localities of Bitem,85 Aldover86 and Xerta87 saw by far the largest 84 Ibid., p. 417. 85 For documents relating to the Anglo-Norman settlers in Bitem, see Appendix, nos. 53, 54,66,67, 97, 107, 138, 170,214,215,220, 225. 86 For documents relating to the Anglo-Norman settlers in Aldover, see Appendix, nos. 36, 85, 141, 159, 172, 176, 177, 178, 194, 195,206, 209. 87 For documents relating to the Anglo-Norman settlers in Xerta, see Appendix, nos. 76, 98, 119, 128, 153, 164, 169, 173, 175, 177, 189, 193, 198, 201. 78 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL concentration of these settlers (see Fig. 2). This suggests that, although these areas were not exclusively settled by Anglo-Normans, the community was keen to maintain a relative unity around a specific zone. The reason for the choice of this specific area, however, is not clear from the evidence. On the one hand, as is demonstrated by the documents listed in the Appendix, the community was prepared to hold lands in areas like Labar and in the city of Tortosa itself, where the count granted parts of the city to these settlers. Moreover, the existence of an English cemetery ensured the attraction that the city would have for this particular foreign community, giving it a privileged position in the urban centre.88 The apparent lack of direct comital donations to the Anglo-Normans immediately after the conquest can be explained in several ways. First, it is likely that charters may have been lost. At the same time, it is possible that the conquest of Lleida in the following year distracted the count from producing a detailed list of donations to each individual settler of importance. Instead, he and his officials might have had some sort of previous agreement like the one he had with the Genoese and it may not have been imperative for him to produce direct donations straight away. Meanwhile, it is likely that the Anglo-Normans settled down in the area of Remolins, which Caffaro claims they were in charge of assaulting in the original conquest of the city,89 or perhaps in Xerta or Aldover where the Anglo-Norman community managed gradually to acquire several estates.90 However, it is hard to see how order could have been maintained in these early years if the first Anglo-Norman settlers were not given any official recognition for the lands they colonized. It might have been the case that some kind of temporary agreement was reached with the crusading fleet that included the Anglo-Normans over the division of spoils, and for the early years their verbal or an otherwise lost agreement may have been used as a way to keep the peace. Perhaps, as leading members of the community, Gilbert Anglici and Gerald of Salvagnac were made guarantors for the Anglo-Normans while a more lasting arrangement was put in place. On the other hand, if documents relating to the original donation were awarded by the count to the early settlers in 1150 or 1151, it is possible that the settlers themselves might have kept them, and therefore the documents disappeared in this way from the historical record.91 This, of course, would explain the puzzling lack of documents of direct donation from the count to individual settlers in Tortosa apart from the most prominent members of the Anglo-Norman community. However, this explanation is problematic since it would seem strange that no copies were made for the archives of local institutions like the cathedral and the monasteries. Certainly it is obvious that the virtual non-existence of comital donations to the Anglo-Normans was the result of one or a combination of these eventualities, since later evidence shows that Appendix, no. 31. Appendix, no. 31. Appendix, nos. 94, 200. Appendix, no. 33. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOS A, 1148-1180 79 a vibrant Anglo-Norman community existed from the early days of the Christian conquest of Tortosa. Yet it is hard to imagine how these settlers managed to keep their own identity within the Iberian community for more than a generation, for unlike the Genoese they did not have the support of their overlords at home in England for their venture. It is likely that as time went by they intermarried with the locals and became more Iberian and less Anglo-Norman. This is further confirmed in the historical record as the names of Anglo-Normans decrease in frequency in the first decade of the thirteenth century.92 On the other hand, it is likely that other settlers of Iberian origin did not at first mix with the newcomers, something which might have helped to keep the distinct identity of the Anglo-Norman community for at least the life- span of the original settlers and perhaps the first generation of their children. There are some Anglo-Norman settlers like John Anglici and William Salvagnac who do not make an appearance until late in the 1170s. This may indicate that there were some English settlers who came after the original conquest at the request of family members who had made their fortune from the conquest.93 However, apart from these two, who seem to have been related to other Anglo-Norman settlers, there is little evidence to suggest that there was a continuous influx of settlers from England into Tortosa after 1150. It seems that for the most part the original crusading venture had been the reason for their arrival and the lack of another large crusading enterprise from England until 1189 hampered any further movement of settlers. Tortosa remained a frontier town until 1238 when Jaume I of Aragon conquered Valencia.94 An interesting comparison can be made with the towns of the Latin East which in the second half of the twelfth century did not receive a great number of European settlers, partly as a result of the failure of the Second Crusade. However, in the case of Tortosa, although the crusade had been a success, the town's position in the second half of the twelfth century was never precarious enough to encourage the Anglo-Norman community to ask for additional help from their motherland. Except for a reference to Gerald of Hastings coming back to England to encourage Anglo-Normans to fight in Portugal, there is no reference to contacts, or indeed to calls of help, from the new communities to their compatriots in the homeland.95 92 Appendix, nos. 216-19. 93 See Appendix for names like William of Salvagnac and John Anglici, who seem to have arrived late and were related to prominent settlers like Gerald Salvagnac and Gilbert Anglici. It also appears that Jordan and Osbert were brothers. The number of groups of brothers who came to settle in Tortosa from England is striking. This shows the importance of kindred relationships as a form of encouragement for individuals to get involved in future crusading ventures. However, in the case of Tortosa it is impossible to know how long the tradition of each individual family was. See Jonathan Riley-Smith, "Family Traditions and Participation in the Second Crusade," in The Second Crusade and the Cistercians, ed. Michael Gervers (New York, 1992), pp. 101-5. 94 Goni Gaztambide, Historia de la hula de la cruzada, pp. 150-70. 95 Symeonis Monachi, Opera Omnia, historia regum, vol. 2, ed. Thomas Arnold (London, 1885), p. 324: "Gilebertus episcopus Olisiponis, praedicans in Angliam, plurimos sollicitavit in Hyspaniam proficisci, Ispalim obsessuros et expugnaturos." 80 LUCAS VILLEGAS-AR1STIZABAL The most important members of the Anglo-Norman community may have acquired considerable influence in the frontier society. Despite this, their numbers were not large enough to have a lasting impact as a separate group within local society. Conclusion Although the Second Crusade represented a great example of the Anglo-Norman involvement in the Iberian Crusades, their subsequent involment in this theater of war was almost non-existent apart from a few expeditions to the Portuguese coast in the early thirteenth century. More strikingly, in the great conquests of the early thirteenth century in Iberia after the famous battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, there are only sporadic mentions of English soldiers or settlers.96 On the other hand, the involvement of the Anglo-Norman contingents in the conquest of Tortosa gives a fine example of how the contribution of foreign crusaders served the Iberian rulers in their attempts to conquer Moorish territories. 96 Villegas-Aristizabal, "Norman and Anglo-Norman Participation in the Iberian Reconquista,' pp. 268-78. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 81 Index of Norman and Anglo-Norman Names in Documents Table Agnes/Inez Aguilo, wife of Robert Burdet: Direct reference to her: 64, 78, 83, 90, 101, 132, 136 Witness/signatory: 28, 29, 30, 49, 68, 83, 101, 132, 136 Reference to him or his lands: 60 Alard Anglicus: Reference to him or his lands: 55 Brunet Morlans, brother of Gerald Morlans: Direct reference to him: 55, 59, 125 Frank Anglicus: Direct reference to him: 75 Gales Anglicus: Direct reference to him: 124, 127 Witness/signatory: 153 Gilbert Anglicus: Direct reference to him: 33, 108, 116, 141, 152, 156, 157 Witness/signatory: 66, 85, 96, 100, 102, 103, 105-7, 109, 110, 113, 115, 117, 120, 123, 133, 139, 140-45, 150, 152, 156, 156, 157, 163-65, 177, 180, 197, 221 Reference to him or his lands: 159, 176, 178, 180, 197, 209, 222 Geoffrey Anglicus: Direct reference to him: 159, 167, 168 Witness/signatory: 159, 160 Reference to him or his lands: 71, 200 Gerald Anglicus: Witness/signatory: 75 Reference to him or his lands: 175 Gerald Morlans: Direct reference to him: 125 Witness/signatory: 44 Reference to him or his lands: 44 Gerald of Salvagnac: Direct reference to him: 48, 59, 72, 74, 76,81,87, 115, 138, 156, 176, 181 Witness/signatory: 36, 40-43, 46, 47, 50-54, 56-58, 61, 66, 67, 69, 70, 73, 74, 76, 77, 80-82, 84, 87-89, 93-97, 99, 103, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 115, 118, 119, 122, 127, 129-31, 138, 146-50, 156, 159, 175, 181, 182, 186-88, 204, 221 Reference to him or his lands: 98, 106, 115, 119, 167, 169, 201,203,216,217, 220, 223, 224 Joan of Tortosa, daughter of Gilbert Anglicus: Direct reference to her: 105, 115 Witness/signatory: 116 Jordan Anglicus, brother of Osbert Anglicus: Direct reference to him: 156,169 Witness/signatory: 63, 153, 155, 156, 169, 172, 177, 199 Reference to him or his lands: 193, 196 John Anglicus: Direct reference to him: 163, 164, 166, 180, 184, 200, 206, 209, 210, 224 Witness/signatory: 168, 172, 181,202, 208,213,219 Nicholas Anglicus: Direct reference to him: 185, 186 Witness/signatory: 185 Reference to him or his lands: 194, 195 Matthew of Salvagnac Reference to him or his lands: 65 Osbert Anglicus: Direct reference to him: 99, 115, 116, 128, 169 Witness/signatory: 99, 105, 115 Reference to him or his lands: 185, 215 82 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL Pagan Anglicus or Angles: Witness/signatory: 99, 114, 124, 127, 128, 151, 153, 167, 172, 176 Reference to him or his lands: 211 Peter Galeg: Direct reference to him: 165, 165, 224 Witness/signatory: 111, 116, 124, 154, 159, 168, 179-81, 183, 192,211 Reference to him or his lands: 183 Reginald Anglicus: Direct reference to him: 168 Witness/signatory: 16, 167, 168 Reference to him or his lands: 220 Robert Burdet: Direct reference to him: 1, 20, 21, 26, 28, 30, 34,35,37, 39, 45, 49, 68 Witness/signatory: 4, 7, 20, 28-31, 34, 49 Reference to him or his lands: 8, 9, 11, 13,23,60, 64, 78, 83, 112 Robert Burdet II: Direct reference to him: 132, 136 Witness/signatory: 83, 101, 132, 136 Roland Morlans: Direct reference to him: 32 Robert Otonis brother of William Anglicus: Direct reference to him: 153 Reference to him or his lands: 35 Rotrou of Perche: Direct reference to him: 2, 6, 18 Witness/signatory: 2, 25 Reference to him or his lands: 7-13, 15, 17,31 Theobald Anglicus, brother of Gilbert Anglicus: Direct reference to him: 156, 169, 172, 173, 175, 176, 177 Witness/signatory: 153, 163-65 William Anglicus: Direct reference to him: 153, 166 Reference to him or his lands: 158 William Burdet/Aquilon: Direct reference to him: 63, 79, 136 Witness/signatory: 25, 28, 30, 49, 83, 101, 132 William of Salvagnac, brother of Gerald Salvaganc: Direct reference to him: 76, 162, 189, 198 Witness/signatory: 76, 81, 126, 147, 148, 160-62, 189, 198, 206, 212, 214, 218 Reference to him or his lands: 126 84 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL Appendix A: Documents relating to the conquest and settlement of Normans and Anglo-Normans in the valley of the Ebro No. Date Description Witnesses 1 1116x1118 2 1119 3 February 1119 4 Hand 16 April 1121 5 2 April 1121x1124, Lateran 6 April 1123 7 December 1124 8 28 February 1125 9 22 April 1125 This is the original fuero of Saragossa after its conquest by Alfonso I of Aragon. The charter does not contain the name of Rotrou, count of Perche, or Robert Burdet, which suggests that the claim that Rotrou was present at the fall of the city, made by La Cronica de San Juan de la Pena, is not accurate. In Coleccion de fueros nnmicipalesy cartas pueblas, ed. Tomas Munoz y Romero, 1 (Madrid, 1847), pp. 448-49. Donation by Rotrou, count of Perche, of a large amount of salt to the monks of Tiron for the salvation of his soul. It confirms that by this date Rotrou was in Normandy. In Cartulaire de Vabbaye de la Saint e-Tr mite de Tiron, ed. Lucien Merlet, 1 (Paris, 1883), no. 22. Fuero given to the city of Saragossa by Alfonso I and known as the Privilege of the Twenty. In Coleccion de fueros nnmicipales y cartas pueblas, ed. Munoz y Romero, 1, pp. 451-53. Three charters of purchase of houses in Saragossa by Raol de Larrassunna. Jose Maria Lacarra, "Documentos para el estudio de la reconquista y repoblacion de el valle de el Ebro," In Estudios de la edad media de la Corona de Aragon 2 (1946), no. 20. Calixtus II proclaims war against the Moors in Spain, and offers to all bishops, princes and faithful the same kind of indulgences offered to those going to the Holy Land. In La documentation pontificia hasta Inocencio III, ed. Demetrio Mansilla (Rome, 1955), no. 62. Count Rotrou donates houses to Sabinus, which used to belong to the Alcaide Aben Alimen. In Jose Maria Lacarra, "Documentos para el estudio de la reconquista y repoblacion de el valle de el Ebro," Estudios de la edad media de la Corona de Aragon 5 (1952), no. 308. Alfonso I gives the brothers Fruela and Pelayo three castles besides Huerva and the castle of Alcaniz. Rotrou appears as lord of Tudela. In Lacarra, "Documentos," Estudios de la edad media de la Corona de Aragon 5, no. 311. Imes and his wife Boneta sell two tents to Sancho, bishop of Calagurratano. Rotrou appears as lord of Tudela and Robert Burdet as castellan. In Lacarra, "Documentos," Estudios de la edad media de la Corona de Aragon 3 (1948), no. 129. Oriol Garciez buys from Salvador and his wife Maria Iniguez some houses in Tudela that used to belong to Maomat Abenaadriz. Rotrou of Perche and Robert Burdet are mentioned with their respective positions in the city. In Lacarra, "Documentos," Estudios de la edad media de la Corona de Aragon 3, no. 125. A Fobert or Robert appears as witness but no surname is given THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 85 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Lost Lost Lost Mo lino, Repertorium jororum et obsevatiarum regni Aragonum, fol. 265 Archivo Capitular de la Seo de Zaragoza, Cartulary, fol. 46v Lost Archive of the Spanish Embassy in Rome, Cod. 229, fol. 35 Lost Molino, Repertorium fororum et obsevatiarum regni Aragonum, fol. 265 Archivo Diocesano de Zaragoza, arm. 9, cax. 1, lig. 1, no. 8 Archivo Capitular de la Catedral de Calahorra, no. 17 Archivo de la Catedral de Tudela, perg. no. 4 86 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 10 June 1125 11 26 February 1126 12 August 1127 13 August 1127 Stephen, grammarian of Alfonso I and abbot of Santa Maria de Tudela, makes a donation to Sancho, scribe of Alfonso I, of a mosque besides the alhandaka, in return for the three solidos that he gave for the construction of the porch of the church. Rotrou appears as lord of Tudela. In Lacarra, "Documentos," Estudios de la edad media de la Corona de Aragon 5, no. 316. Aimes and his wife Boneta sell two tents to the bishop of Calahorra. The charter claims that at the time Alfonso I was campaigning in Andalusia. It also mentions Rotrou as lord of Tudela and Robert in charge of the castle of Tudela. In Lacarra, "Documentos," Estudios de la edad media de la Corona de Aragon 3, no. 129. Alfonso I gives to Fortun Garces Caxal houses that belonged to Iben Henderiz de Tarrazona. Rotrou appears as lord of Tudela. In Lacarra, "Documentos," Estudios de la edad media de la Corona de Aragon 5, no. 321. Charter in which Alfonso I grants fueros to Tudela. Both Rotrou and Robert are mentioned. In Coleccion de fueros municipal es y cartas pueblos, ed. Muhozy Romero, 1, pp. 420-22. February 1128 15 March 1128 Alfonso I gives to Garcia Aznar the houses that used to belong to Aben Forcagon in Ribas. Rotrou, unlike the following charter (no. 15) issued in Castilnuevo, does not appear as lord of Tudela or with any other title. In Lacarra, "Documentos," Estudios de la edad media de la Corona de Aragon 3, no. 140. Alfonso I gives to Pedro Ortiz de Lizana two parcels of land in Mesones for building houses. Rotrou appears as lord of Tudela. In Lacarra, "Documentos," Estudios de la edad media de la Corona de Aragon 3, no. 141. 16 1 April 1128 Will of Raimundo Mironis. The scribe is In Cartulario de Sant Cugat del Valles, ed. Jesus Rius Serra (Madrid, Reginaldus Anglicus 1981), no. 898. 17 May 1128 Alfonso I gives to Pedro Ortiz de Lizana the farm of Mesones. Rotrou appears as lord of Tudela. In Lacarra, "Documentos," Estudios de la edad media de la Corona de Aragon 3, no. 142. 18 December Alfonso I gives the village and castle of Corella to Rotrou of Perche. 1128 In Coleccion diplomatica medieval de la Rioja, ed. Ildefonso Rodriquez de Lama, 2 (Logrono, 1976), no. 93. 19 January 1129 Alfonso I gives to Fortun Iniguez de San Celedonio land in Ribarroya. In Lacarra, "Documentos," Estudios de la edad media de la Corona de Aragon, 3, no. 153. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOS A, 1148-1180 87 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Archivo de la Catedral de Tudela, perg. no. 8 Archivo Capitular de la Catedral de Calahorra, no. 17 Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid,, Cartulary of Santa Cristiana, fol. 24r-v Lost Lost Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Cartulary of Montearagon, cod. 1067, fol. 32 Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Cartulary of Sant Cugat, no. 784, fol. 255 Biblioteca Nacional de Espana, ms. 746, perg. 83 Diccionario Geografico-Historico de Espana publicado por la Real Academia de la Historia, ed. Tomas Lopez, 2 (Madrid, 1804), p. 562. Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Documentos del Santo Sepulcro de Calatayud. Lost Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, St. John of Jerusalem Priory of Navarre, leg. 716-18 Archivo municipal de Corel la, copy from the 13th c, leg. l,no. 1 88 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 20 14 March Charter of the donation of Tarragona by Archbishop Olegario to Robert Robert, prince of 1129 Burdet. Olegario maintains control over all the churches in the territory Tarragona; Olegario, and Robert promises to restore the city when asked. archbishop of In Cartas de poblacion yfranquicia de Cataluna, ed. Jose Font Rius, 1 Tarragona (Barcelona, 1969), no. 51. 22 March 1129 or later 26 October 1130, Bayona 23 25 26 November 1131 24 March 1132 23 February 1145 4 January 1148 Charter of fueros of Tarragona granted by Robert Burdet after his arrival in Tarragona. He gives the citizens exemption from taxation except for tithes and first fruits. Reference to the existence of this document is discussed in Cartas de poblacion yfranquicia de Catahma, ed. Font Rius, 1, no. 52. Alfonso I grants the fueros of Tudela to the people of Corel la. Rotrou appears as a witness confirming that he was back in Aragon. In Coleccion diplomdtica medieval de la Rioja, ed. Rodriquez de Lama, 2, no. 98. Galin Sanz and his wife Toda exchange with his brother Gonzalo Galandiz the inherited property that they had in Tudela for the one he had in Huesca. Rotrou and Robert are still mentioned with their respective positions in Tudela. In Lacarra, "Documentos," Estudios de la edad media de la Corona de Aragon, 3, no. 165. Alfonso 1 grants the Fuero of Asin. In Coleccion de fueros municipales y cartas pueblas, ed Munozy Romero, 1, pp. 505-6. Agreement made between Ramon Berenguer IV and Gerallus Alamanni over the castle of Monte Acuto, Monatclar, villa de Mager, Pontils, Sancta Perpetua. In Coleccion de documentos ineditos del archivo general de la corona de Aragon, ed. Manuel de Bofarull y de Sartorio, 4 (Barcelona, 1862), pp. 99-101. Agreement proposed by Robert Burdet to Bernard Tort over the government of Tarragona. The prince agrees to maintain the norms for the designation of the local authorities, their performance in office and their fidelity. The exception of Sunday dues is extended to the new inhabitants of the city and its territory. In Coleccion de fueros municipales y cartas pueblas, ed. Munoz y Romero, 1, no. 66. Rotrou of Perche William Aquilon, son of Robert Burdet 27 1148x1149 Charter of franchises given by Count Ramon Berenguer IV to the population of the newly conquered city of Tortosa. In Cartas de poblacion y franquicia de Cataluna, ed. Font Rius, 1, no. 68. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 89 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Lost Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tarragona, Ancient Copy, Libro de signatura 9, no. 16, fol. 17 (lost) Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, 14th-c. transcription, Cancilleria, Registro no. 3, fol. 6 Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, 14th-c. transcription, patrimonio real Clase 4a, no. 2, fol. 2 a Lost Archivo municipal de Corel la, copy from the late 12th c, Leg. 1, no. 2 a Archivo de la Catedral de Tudela, num. 1.059(A) and 1.060(B) Royal Archive of Barcelona (lost) Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Royal Cartulary, Perg. Ramon Berenguer IV, no. 172 Lost, it existed in the Archive of the Archdiocese of Tarragona Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Cancilleria, perg. Ramon Berenguer IV, no. 2 Transcription of the 18th c. in Mariano Mari, Thesaurus Sanctae Metropol itanae Ecclesiae, Tarraconensis (1783), pp. 182-84. (Ms. in the Archive of the Archdiocese of Tarragona) 90 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 29 9 April 1149 30 3 September 1149 28 9 February Donation of the city and territory of Tarragona to Prince Robert, 1149 by Bernard Tort, archbishop of Tarragona. It confirms the previous donation by his predecessor Olegario. The archbishop will now take a fifth from all the rents. He also establishes an oven and a mill. The prince and the archbishop agree to designate together the local judges and their powers. They offer the new inhabitants exemption from Sunday dues. In Coleccion de fueros municipales y cartas pueblas, ed. Munoz y Romero, 1, no. 69. Donation of Mount Magons in the territory of Tarragona made by Poncius of Timor to the brothers Guillermus de Vilafranca and Ramon Arnaldo for the purpose of building a castle. In Coleccion de fueros municipales y cartas pueblas, ed. Munoz y Romero, 1, no. 70. Charter of franchises given by Prince Robert to the citizens of Tarragona. It confirms previous rights not to pay dues except for tithes and first fruits. The prince places the citizens under his jurisdiction. The archbishop approves this charter. In Coleccion de fueros municipales y cartas pueblas, ed. Munoz y Romero, 1, no. 73. 2 November Ramon Berenguer IV, count of Barcelona and prince of Aragon, with 1149 the common accordance of the noble consuls and the glorious people of Genoa, of Peter, Master of the Templars and his brothers, and because of the petition of the pilgrims (crusaders) that came from England and the other lands across the sea to the siege of Tortosa with the rest of the army, gives to the Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, to Thomas and to the other canons of the Order, houses belonging to the son of Ferri Alamin, a Saracen, citizen of Tortosa, located inside the walls in the vill of Remolins, with all rights and possessions of the land, orchards, vineyards, trees, agricultural lands and waste. In L 'arxiu antic de Santa Anna de Barcelona del 942 al 1200, ed. Jesus Altura i Perucho (Barcelona, 1985), no. 268. 15 October Count Ramon Berenguer IV gives to Roland of Morlans houses in 1150 Tortosa that used to belong to Muhamad Algamari (Moor). In Joaquim Miret i Sans, Les cases de Temptersy Hospitalers en Catalunya (Barcelona, 1910), no. 60. Robert, prince of Tarragona; Agnes, his wife; William Bordet; Bernard Tort, archbishop of Tarragona Robert, prince of Tarragona; Agnes, his wife; Bernard Tort, archbishop of Tarragona Robert, prince of Tarragona; Agnes, his wife; William of Aquilon; Robert Burdet (II); Bernard Tort, archbishop of Tarragona Balluini of Carona (Charone?) appears as stabularius of the English forces; Robert Burdet, prince of Tarragona 32 33 I January The count of Barcelona grants houses in Tortosa, which had belonged to 1151 various Moors, to Gilbert Anglicus and his successors. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Frederic Udina Martorell (Barcelona, 1947), no. 50. 34 25 January Donation of Riudoms, in the territory of Tarragona, by Prince Robert to Robert Burdet I 1151 Arnald de Palomar for the construction and maintenance of a castle to encourage the repopulation of the region. In Cartas depoblacionyfranquicia de Cataluna, ed. Font Rius, 1, no. 84. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 91 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tarragona, ancient copy of the Cathedral of Tarrragona (lost) Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, 14th c. transcription, Cancilleria, Registro no. 3, fol. 4 a Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, 15th c. transcription, Patrimonio Real Clase 4a, fol. 3 v. b Lost Arxiu Historic municipal de Tarragona, 1235 transcription, parchment Lost Reference to it in Morera y Llourado, Tarragona cristiana, 1, p. 441. Archivo Diocesano de Barcelona, Fons de Santa Anna, carp. 6, perg. 10 Archivo Diocesano de Barcelona, Santa Anna, carp. 6, perg. 11 Archivo Diocesano de Barcelona, Santa Anna, carp. 6. perg. 9 Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Cartulary of the Priory of the Templars of Tortosa, no. 231 Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fols. 108v-109r Arxiu Historic Arxidiocesa de Tarragona, copy without date made by Romeu, in the presence of Ramon de Llinas, Juan de Tortosa Guillermus de Rouric y Ferruzon (now lost) Arxiu Historic Arxidiocesa de Tarragona, copy of B from the 14th- c. Codex A-B, Cartulary de Benet de Rocaberti, fol. 122 a 92 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 35 13 February The count of Barcelona gives houses in Tortosa, which once belonged 1151 to some Moors, to Guillelm de Trul and his wife Adalaz. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 52. There is an Otonis who might be Robert Otonis, brother of William Angles 36 26 March 1151 37 August 1151 38 5 August 1151 Count Ramon Berenguer IV donates to Peter Oldegario and to his Gerald of Salvanech household houses in Tortosa and an orchard that used to belong to (Salvagnac) Abrahim Zegeil. He also gives him land beside the wall by a small door; also, some land which used to belong to Albedaio, and lands in Aldover. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Antoni Virgili (Barcelona, 1997), no. 27. Bernard Tort returns the principality of Tarragona to Ramon Berenguer IV. The charter mentions Ramon Berenguer as prince of Tarragona. Bernard claims that this new arrangement is made with the consent of Pope Eugenius III and of the people of Tarragona. Robert Burdet and his family are not mentioned. In Liber feudorum maior, ed. Francisco Miquel Rosell, 1 (Barcelona, 1945), no. 247. The count ratifies donations made by Archbishop Bernard of Tarragona Gerlald of and adds the tenth part of all the comital rents in the city to the Church Selvaniaco of St. Mary's. (Salvagnac), Gilbert In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 28. [Anglicus] 39 7 August Dispute between Bernard Tort and Robert and his son Guillermus 1151 Aquilon. In Coleccion de documentos ineditos del archivo general de la corona de Aragon, ed. Bofarull y Sartorio 4, pp. 196-200; Liber feudorum maior, ed. Rosell, 1, no. 246. 28 February William of Cor and his brother Berenguer sell land that had belonged 1153 to Abcegrus and his sister, to Bishop Geoffrey and the canons of St. Mary's of Tortosa. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 37. Gerald of Salviniaco (Salvagnac) 41 15 July 1153 Henricus Nigrapellis exchanges with the bishop and canons of St. Gerald of Sovagne Mary's of Tortosa a parcel of land which he had by the Ebro for another (Salvagnac) that they had in Villa Rubea. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 40. 42 6 March 1154 Peter de Ragedello for the remedy of his soul and his parents bequeaths Gerald of Sovagnec in perpetuity to the Church of St. Mary's, Bishop Geoffrey and the (Salvagnac) canons the possessions of Avindrusc in Chalameran and in Banichalet, which is in the lands of Miravet. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 54. 43 6 March 1154 Guillelm Aimeric donates to God and the the monastery of St. Mary of Gerald of Poblet an orchard in Petrola on the term of Tortosa, on the other side of Salviniacho the Ebro. (Salvagnac) In Diplomatari de Santa Maria de Poblet, ed. Agusti Altisent (Barcelona, 1994), no. 161. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 93 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Benifallet, Haver (7: Aldover) (258,157) Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 102 Lost Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Royal Cartulary, perg. Ramon Berenguer IV, no. 243 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Privilegis i donacions reials, 8 (505,325) Lost Arxiu Capitular de Arxiu Capitular de Arxiu Capitular de Arxiu Capitular Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Genova, Vila-roja. (3: Vila- roja, 1) (130.135) ABC Lost la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Privilegis i donacions reials, fol. 18 Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Royal Cartulary, perg. Ramon Berenguer IV, no. 242 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 2, Titol IV, fols. 109v-110v Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 6, d, 144, fol. 53 la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Privilegis i donacions reials, fol. 21 la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Comu del capi'tol, 1, 16 de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Constitucions, 19 Lost Biblioteca Publica de Archivo Historico Tarragona, Cartulari Nacional, Madrid, de Poblet, ms. 241, Clero secular y fol 137r-v regular, c. 2002, fol. 16 94 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 44 13 June 1154 Andreu Lobret and his wife Breta and his son louan sell to Guillelm Gerald of Morlans Arnall two orchards in the area of Arenal. One of the orchards is besides that of Gerald of Morlans. In Diplomatari de Santa Maria de Poblet, ed. Altisent, no. 163. 45 14/24 Donation of Cambrils by Prince Robert to Bertrand for its repopulation. September Reference in Joseph Blanch, Arxiepiscopologi de la santa esglesia 1154 metropolitana i primada de Tarragona, 1, (Tarragona, 1985), p. 93. 46 October 1154 Saurina, widow of Ademar, and her children sell to Bernard of Sancto Poncio the possessions which they had received from the count of Tortosa. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 45. Gerald of Savagne (Salvagnac) 48 19 October 1154 8 February 1155 Count Ramon Berenguer IV grants to Peter de Sancto Poncio a house located against the wall of Tarragona and between the houses of John de Prohins and the houses that used to belong to Ademar Podio and which are by the entrance of the church of St. Mary and the river. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 48. Taboet, his wife Sancha and their children sell to Gerald of Savagne (Salvagnac) and his family orchards in Xerta which use to belong to various Moors. In El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 62. Gerald of Sovagne (Salvagnac) 49 22 February Count Ramon Berenguer IV, Archbishop Bernard of Tarragona and Prince Robert, his 1155 Prince Robert of Tarragona grant to the monastery of Poblet the locality wife Agnes and his of Dol de Lop. son William appear In Cartulari de Poblet edicio del manuscrit de Tarragona, ed. Joan Pons as signatories i Marques (Barcelona, 1938), no. 246. 50 5 March 1155 Peter of Rajadell grants to the monastery of Poblet orchards in Tortosa Gerald of Savagnec that he inherited from Avin Pedros. Conditions are attached to the (Salvagnac) donation. In Cartulari de Poblet, ed. Pons i Marques, no. 195. 13 March Grimoardus, abbot of Poblet, grants to Bernard and his family the Gerald of 1155 honour which the count had given to them in the locality of Xerta. Salvaniacho In Cartulari de Poblet, ed. Pons i Marques, no. 203. (Salvagnac) 52 14 March Berenguer Pinol and his wife Ermesend, and his son Berenguer and his Gerald of 1155 wife Ermesend, for the remedy of their souls, donate an orchard located Salvaniacho in Banifalet on the banks of the Ebro. (Salvagnac) In Diplomatari de Santa Maria de Poblet, ed. Altisent, no. 170. 53 6 April 1155 Sibi 11a, wife of Gandolph Carbonari, with the permission of Martin Gerald of Sovangnec Golias, grants part of the land that she had in Bitem in exchange for 70 (Salvagnac) and morabis for charity. The land had been given originally by the count Martin of Sovagne after the conquest from the Saracens. (Salvagnac) In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 56. 54 25 May 1156 Ramon of Cartelliaco sells to Peter Olegrario two lands that he had as Gerald of Salvaniaco concession from Ramon Berenguer IV for 4 pounds of dinars and 6 (Salvagnac) solidos. One was in Bitem and the other in Giramascor. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 69. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 95 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Clero secular y regular, c. 2002, fol. 7 Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, subtresoreria, 1, 65 Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 2, titol III, d. XVI, fols. 68-70 Arxiu Capitular de la S.l. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 2, titol III d. II fol. 53 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 9, fol. 95r Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 9A, pergs. 243-44 Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 102v Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, Cartulari de Poblet, ms. 241, fol. 161 r-v Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Clero secular y regular, c. 2002, fol. 13 Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Clero secular y regular, c. 2002, fol. 18 Lost Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, Cartulari de Poblet, ms. 241, fol. 129r Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, Cartulari de Poblet, ms. 241, fol. I33r-v Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Clero secular y regular, c. 2002, fol. 20 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 6, d. 157, fol. 60r Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, Cartulari de Poblet, ms. 241, fol. 134v Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Tevizola (2: Bitem) (260.113) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 6, D. 115, fol. 43 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 5, D. 105, fols. 52v-53r 96 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 55 29 June 1156 Brunetus and his wife Paschalia sell a land to Peter of Sancto Matrino, with the land of Alardus (Gerald?) Anglico on the west. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creiis, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 70. 56 6 July 1156 Gaimundus and his wife Saurina exchange with William Copons lands Gerald of Salvaniaco that they had in Penpin and in Villa Nova. (Salvagnac) In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 75. Gerald Salvaneg (Salvagnac) Gerald of Salvaniaco (Salvagnac) 57 23 July 1155 Peter Guillemi and his wife Pereta sell to the brothers of the Temple land in Araval in the territory of Tortosa. In Laurea Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode (Tortosa, 1984), no. 3. 58 23 July 1156 Peter Guillelmus, an Aragonese knight, with his wife Pereta, sell to Americius, brother and Master of the order of the Temple in Tortosa, land on the place known as Araval by the River Ebro. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode, no. 5. 59 1 August Brunetus and his wife Paschalia sell land planted with olives in Villa 1156 Nova in the territory of Tortosa to Gerald of Salviniaco (Salvagnac). The land is contiguous to the land of Arnaldo Anglico on its western boundary. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 72. 60 4 August Bartholome Gramiticus donates to St. Mary's of Tortosa lands which 1155 had been granted to him by Robert Burdet, prince of Tarragona, and his wife Agnes. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 59. 61 17 September Count Ramon Berenguer IV gives the farm of Xerta to St. Mary's Vail is Gerald of 1156 Lauree. In El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 80. Salviniacho (Salvagnac) 62 8 February William of Aquilone and his wife Amaalit give Peter Carbonello and his 1157 wife Arsenda a land in Semoll in the county of Barcelona. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 74. 63 7 April 1157 Martinus Golia and his wife Sebila sell to Aimericus and the Templars Jordan (Anglicus?) their orchard located in the place known as Palomberia which is in the territory of Tortosa. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode, no. 6. 64 18 April 1157 Donation of Burga by Ines, wife of Robert Burdet, in favour of the brothers Berenguer and Thomas Eixumus for its repopulation under the feudal over-lordship of the church of Tarragona. Reference in Blanch, Arxiepiscopologi, 1, p. 94. 65 17 April 1157 Ugo de Ciger and his wife Gullelma sell to Peter of Santo Minato a parcel of land which they had on the other side of the Ebro from Tortosa. It is located south-west of the land of Matthew Salvanico (Salvagnac). In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 78. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 97 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Extrainventari (258,120), ABC Lost Lost Lost Lost Lost Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Santes Creus, perg. 33 Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 109v Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5, arm. 4, v. Ill, doc. 116, fol. 37r Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 93, fol. 30v Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 110 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 6, d. 215, fol. 85r Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 147 Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 189, fol. 60v Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Benifassa, Refalgari, 19 (275,73) 98 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTTZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 66 29 April 1157 Peter Compan and his wife Pereta sell to St. Mary's of Tortosa and Gilbert Anglicus and Bishop Geoffrey a land which they had in Bitem out of charity. Gerald of Salvagnac In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 79. (Salvagnac) 67 24 May 1157 Bertrand of Castelet sells to William Copons a farm known as Antig in the territory of Tortosa with all its buildings and everything that is part of it for 200 morabitanos. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 80. 68 14 July 1157 Donation of Salou by Prince Robert, his wife Ines and his son Guillermus, with the compliance of Count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Archbishop Bernard Tort, to Pedro Rasura for its repopulation, the construction of a castle and a village. Reference in Blanch, Arxiepiscopologi, 1, pp. 93-94. 69 31 August Bernardus Mitifag and his wife Maria Balluuma exchange with 1157 Aimericus, brother and Master of the Templars in Tortosa, one of their lands for 20 Morabatins. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode, no. 8. 70 24 October Poncius, scribe of the count of Barcelona, and Peter Reiadel grant to 1157 St. Mary's of Tortosa and Bishop Geoffrey land which they share by the Ebro in front of Quart Castle, which had been given to them by the count of Barcelona. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 81. 71 14 December Ramon, abbot of Sant Cugat del Valles, exchanges with William 1157 Aragonese and his wife Pereta land in Labar contiguous to that of Geoffrey Angles. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 82. Gerald of Salvaneg (Salvagnac) Guillelmus Burdet, Agnes, Robert Burdet II Gerald of Salvanichao (Salvagnac) Gerald of Selvaneg (Salvagnac) 72 8 February Osbert Nigrapel and his wife Boneta exchange with Gerald Salvanico 1158 land and an Alzeziram (?) close to Arenis which used to belong to Galib, a Saracen scribe, for a land in Villa Robea and 5 loads of barley. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 97. 73 9 February Peter Stephani and his wife Guia and his cousin Arnou sell to the Jew 1158 Haion of Azuz an orchard which had been owned by Avin Ezbaballa for 60 mora. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 98. 74 12 March Abbot Peter of St. Mary's Valle Laures gives as a fief the honour of 1158 Davus Farago Larraic and some other properties (some given to the monastery by Gerald of Selvangech) to Guillelm of Trull and his wife Adelaida. If they want to change the arrangement they must consult with the abbot as well as Gerald of Selviniacho. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 85. 75 27 April 1158 Fulco Rurso pledges a vineyard in Tortosa to Frank Anglicus. Gerald Anglicus appears as a witness and guarantor. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 77. Gerald of Salvanec (Salvagnac) Gerald of Selviniacho (Salvagnac) Gerald Anglicus 76 May 1158 Gerald of Salviniaco (Salvagnac) with his brother William and his wife Gerald and Aladais gives some olive orchards in Xerta to the church of St. Mary's William Silviniaco Vail is Lauree and Peter the abbot and the brothers there. (Salvagnac) In El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 78. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 99 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 2, titol IV, d. XXVI, fols. 108v-109 Arxiu Capitular de Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Camarles 41 Tortosa, Camarles no (267,130) number, (220,130) Lost Lost Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 194, fol. 61 v Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Trevizola (1: Anglerola) (223,144) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Bonifallet (3: LI aver, Bercat) (210,123)ABC Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Arenes, Tivenys (4: Arenes) ABC Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Remolins (3: Vilanova) (234,130) Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 6, d. 181, fol. 70r Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 3 Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 103v Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 104 100 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 77 May 1158 Guillelm Ramon and his brother Oto bequeath some olive orchards to Gerald of St. Mary's Vallis Lauree. Selviniacho In El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 79. (Salvagnac) 78 6 June 1158 79 6 June 1158 26 August 1158 Agnes, formerly wife of Robert, count of Tarragona, and her son William Burdet, give to St. Mary's of Tortosa, Bishop Geoffrey and the canons, with the agreement of Bernard, archbishop of Tarragona, and Ramon Berenguer IV, count of Barcelona, a land that they have in Vilagrassa and one located at the foot of the city walls of Tarragona that had been given to Bartholomew. The tithes and first fruits of the church of Tarragona are exempted. In Diphmatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 88 Bernard, archbishop of Tarragona, gives to St. Mary's of Tortosa, Bishop Geoffrey and the canons, a land that he possesses in Vilagrassa and one at the foot of the city walls of Tarragona. In Diphmatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 89. Mauricius de Muners exchange with the Templars all the lands that he had in Tortosa for land that the Templars had in Amalep. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode, no. 11. Gerald of Selvaneco (Salvagnac) 81 16 November Gerald of Salvanec grants for his soul and that of his parents orchards 1158 and other properties to St. Mary's of Vallaure. In El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 84. 82 27 December Frederic, prior of St. Mary's of Valle Clara, with the permission of the 1158 abbot of Flabonis Montis, gives to St Mary's of Tortosa and to Bishop Geoffrey the land of Valle Clara. In Diphmatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 95. 83 30 April 1159 Agnes, wife of Robert Burdet, grants franchises to the people of Constanti, which was being founded. Reference in Joseph Blanch, Arxiepiscopologi, 1, p. 94. 84 85 6 January 1159 26 February 1159 86 29 June 1159 Peter of Bovilla and his wife Esclamunda give to the church of St. Mary's of Tortosa two orchards that they had in Andusc, so the church will be able to burn lamps, acquire books and decorate the main altar. In Diphmatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 110. William de Copons and his wifeTropiana reach agreement with Peter of Tortosa, his mother Mary and his wife Ermegarda, on the division of some buildings. Guillem will have the honour of Xerta and Pere of Aldover will have the fourth part of the fruits. Guillelm pays 8 solidis for the agreement and 4 dinars for the charter. In Diphmatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 112. Carbonel of Minorissa and his wife Aidelina sell to the church of St. Nicholas of Tortosa an agricultural land in Arenis for 11 morabitins. In Diphmatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 100. Gerald of Selvanec (Salvagnac), his brother William of Selvainec (Salvagnac), and Stephanus Selvanec (Salvagnac) Gerald of Salvanieco (Salvagnac) Agnes, William Burdet, Robert Burdet II Gerald of Silviniaco (Salvagnac) Gilbert Anglicus and Gerald of Salvingac (Salvagnac) Gerald of Silvanegco (Salvagnac) THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1) 48-1180 101 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 112 Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 6, d. 213, fol. 84 Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 6, 214, fols. 84v-85r Lost Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 195, fols. 61v-62r Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, LI Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. HOv Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Bishop 1, 38 (305,175) Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.l. Catedral de Tortosa, Bishop and Capitol, 2.2 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 6, d. 195, fol. 75v-6r Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 5, d. 18, fols. 7v-8r Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.l. Catedral de Tortosa, Remolins (7: Xerta)(213,100), ABC Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 96, fols. 88v-99r Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Arenes, Tivenys (4: Arenes) 102 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARiSTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 87 14 August Dispute between Bishop Geoffrey and Andreas Mala Domo for the oven 1159 of Sanct Jacobi. The court ruled on the side of the Bishop but Andreu was pardoned because he was too poor to pay the bishop the fine. Gerald of Salvinico was one of those involved in the decision and he was also a signatory of the document. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 103. 88 28 September Peter Guillelm and his wife Pereta offer to St. Mary's of Tortosa their 1159 bodies on the day of their death, with the houses and honour which they had received from the count of Barcelona. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 105. 89 November Peter Stephani, his wife Guila and his cousin Arnaldus sell to Bernard 1159 of Sanct Poncio and his wife Agnes a land in Campol, which they had received from the count of Barcelona, for 40 morabetinos. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 106. 90 11 January Agnes, countess of Tarragona, and her sons William and Richard grant 1160 to the monastery of St. Mary's Valle Laura, a land in the area of Codoyn close to Franchulino. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 95. Gerald of Salvinico (Salvagnac) Gerald of Slaviniacho (Salvagnac) Gerald de Silviniaco (Salvagnac) 92 13 January 1160 16 March 1160 Peter of Ente and his wife Matheua exchange with Bishop Geoffrey of Tortosa and the canons a piece of land that they had from a comital donation in Fachalfurin, for another pice of land that the bishop had in Capite Avinalup. East of this land was the land of Gerard of Silviniaco. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 108. Pictavo and his wife Berenguera sell to Peter of Sentmenat and his wife two parcels of land that they have in Arenys for 4 good morabits, aedinos and lupinos. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 113. Gerard of Silviniaco (Salvagnac) Glibert Anglicus 93 26 March Ramon de Puigalt grants to Ramon de Copons houses which he has in Gerald of Selvaneg 1160 the Remolins and trees that used to belong to Avinambar, and he also (Salvagnac) bequeaths all the honours that he possessed in Xerta. In Cartulari de Poblet, ed. Pons i Marques, no. 183. 94 1 April 1160 Poncius Sorularis and his wife Maria exchange with Eneg Sancio, master of the house of Tortosa, a land in the territory of Tortosa in the area known as Palomera, for a land in Faduna and some currency. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode, no. 15. 25 October Will of Arnaldus of Martorel: he donates houses that he had in Martorel, 1160 and the rest goes to his mother. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 117. 95 Gerald of Selvaneg (Salvagnac) Gerald of Silvanaico (Salvagnac) 96 22 February 1161 Richard Pallipari, his wife Raimunda and his daughter Raimunda sell to Bishop Geoffrey a piece of land that they have in Vilaroja by comital donation that was property of Abochazuz, for 4 marobits, lupinos and aiadinos. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 121. 97 13 April 1162 Patronela, queen of Aragon and countess of Barcelona, gives to St. Mary's of Tortosa an orchard in Bitem that had been bought from Peter of Saragossa. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 122. Gilbert Anglicus and Gerald Salvingac (Salvagnac) Gerald of Silviniaco (Salvagnac) THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 103 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Extrainventari (230, 285) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 2, titol III, d. I, fol. 52 Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 6, d. 133, fol. 49 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Subtresoreria 2, 80 (290.88) Lost Lost Lost Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Clero secular y regular, c. 2005, fol. 8 Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 78 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 2, titol IV, d. XXXVII, fol. 120 Arxiu Capitular de • 'i'a'ofT.-Ca'ieurai de Tortosa, Cartulary 2, titol IV, d. Ill, fols. 85v-86 Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, Cartulari de Poblet, no. 183 Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 191, fol. 61r Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Genova (5: Vila-roja), 15 (250,162) Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 6, no. 103, fol. 36v Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 99, fol. 91 r Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 2, titol IV, d. XI, fols. 94v-5r 104 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 98 15 May 1162 Bertran of Toulouse and his wife Joradana sell to Peter John of Granada three fifths of an orchard that the children of Avigalards possessed and two fifths of the honour, in Xerta, for 16 marobits of gold. It mentions the orchards of Gerald Salvagnac. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 126. 99 22 May 1162 Gilbert Anglicus (Angles) gives to St. Mary's of Tortosa an olive plantation that belonged to Avincel and other lands that he had in Mont Rog which used to belong to Lacabat, on condition that lamps are burned day and night. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 127. 100 3 June 1163 Adelendis widow of Guillem Trull sells the honour of Andusc to the monastery of St. Mary's Valle Laura. In El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 110. A Gerald Gasc (Gascon?) Osbert Anglicus, Pagan Anglicus and Gerald of Silviniacho (Salvagnac) Gilbert Anglicus 101 12 June 1162 Agnes, countess of Tarragona, with the counsel of her sons pledges to Agnes, William Bertran de Castelet a parcel of land in the territory of Tarragona, in the Burdet, Robert place known as Port Fabregad. Burdet II In Diplomatari de Santa Maria de Poblet, ed. Altisent, no. 227. 102 5 November After falling sick, Peter of Rajadell draws up his will: he names as 1163 principal heirs his wife and the cathedral of Tortosa. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 134. Gilbert Anglicus 103 12 March Marin Monstrou and his wife Maria sell to Simon Monstrou and his Gilbert Anglicus and 1164 wife Dominica one honour that they had by donation of the count, free Gerald of Salvingac from feudal obligations, in Funiana for 120 maribits of gold. (Salvagnac) In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 151. 104 27 April 1164 Bishop Geoffrey with the consent of the chapter grants land for building Gerald of Salvanieco houses to Dominic and his wife Ermessenda. (Salvagnac) In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 140. 105 1 June 1164 Gerald, canon of the church of the Holy Sepulchre, gives to John of Osbert Anglicus and Tortosa a vineyard, the English cemetery lying to the north-west. Gilbert Anglicus In L 'arxiit antic de Santa Anna de Barcelona del 942 al 1200, ed. Altura i Perucho, no. 371. 106 3 June 1164 Abbot Peter of St. Mary's Valle Laura gives various possessions as Gerald of Salviniaco fief to Raimundus Cheralt. One is an olive orchard that had been given (Salvagnac) and to the monastery by Gerald of Salveneg (Salvagnac). Another was a Gilbert Anglicus vineyard given by the same person. In El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 113. 107 13Junell64 Berenguer of Avignon and his wife Ramona sells to John, sexton of St. Gilbert Anglicus Mary of Tortosa, for 14 morabits an orchard that he had in Bitem. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 143. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 105 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Testaments 3,59(140.145) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Subtesoreria. 2. 52 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 75, fol. 74r Lost Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Clero secular y regular, c. 2006, fol. 8 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Testaments, 1 (without number) Lost Lost Archivo Diocesano de Barcelona, Fons de Santa Anna, carp. 2A, perg. 3 Lost Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 115v Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 6, d. 101, fol. 35 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Extrainventari. Moved on 1171 (195.134) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 2, titol IV, d. VII, fols. 89v-90r Archivo Diocesano de Barcelona, CD. IE, no. 12, Lletra B Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 114 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d.100, fol. 91 v Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 2, Titol IV, d. IX, fol. 93 106 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 108 22Junell64 King Alfonso II of Aragon gives to Gilbert Anglico a house in Tortosa Gerald of Silviniacho in gratitude for the help offered by him making a road in the city. (Salvagnac) In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creiis, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 114. 109 110 12 September 1164 2 January 1165 Controversy between the bishop of Tortosa and the canons on one side Gilbert Anglicus and the brothers of the Hospital on the other, for the honours that Martin Golia and Sibil had possessed; the curia established that the bishop and the canons possess the urban area and the Order the rural area. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 147. Peter Stephen and his wife Guia donate, for the salavtion of their souls Gilbert Anglicus and to God, St Mary's of Tortosa, Bishop Ponz and the canons an orchard Gerald of Salvingac that they had close to the wall of the city on the side of the English (Salvagnac) cemetery, and receive in exchange for their charity 100 morabitis lupins. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 157. Ill 28 April 1165 Ponz makes a donation to Ramon and his wife Maria of houses, which he received from the count of Barcelona inside the walls of Tortosa in the parish of St. James. An annual tribute is established of one good morabit of gold to St. Michael, and the donor retains the right to stay whenever he travels to Tortosa. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 152. Peter Galec (Welsh?) 112 27 May 1165 113 21 June 1165 27 March 1166 Robert of Cotenes and his wife Guia sell to Eneg Sane, Master of the House of Tortosa, and the brothers of the Order, an orchard that they have in Palomera by the Ebro. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode, no. 23. Gerald of Salvanieco (Salvagnac), Gilbert (Anglicus?) Ponz, scribe, donates to St. Mary's of Tortosa houses that he had in the Gilbert Anglicus city of Lleida besides those of the Hospitallers, and other lands and possessions in the same city. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 153. Peter Mercer sells to John and his wife Merquesa houses that he had in Pagan Angles the parish of St. Mary, in the sector of Genova, for 25XA souls in Jaquesa currency. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 159. 115 Before 19 Before travelling to Jerusalem, Osbert Angles makes a will. It gives his April 1166 many possessions to all his relatives and to his wife. It leaves money to the cathedral and to other churches. Gilbert Anglicus, Gerald Salangac, Nicolas Angles (his brother), Joan of Tortosa (his daughter), appear as witnesses and beneficiaries of the will. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 155. 116 19 April 1166 The Jew Haio and his wife Cetona and his son Maimon sell to Osbert Anglicus an orchard which had been originally bought from Peter Stephen in Vilanova, for 55 morabits aiadis and lupins of gold at weight. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 160. Osbert Anglicus, Gilbert Anglicus and Gerald of Salvaneg (Salvagnac) Joan of Tortosa and Peter Galec (Welsh?) 117 26 October William of Castel I veil gives to St. Mary's of Tortosa, for 6 marks of Gilbert Anglicus 1166 silver, the honour that he had in Tortosa and his terms from the donation and Gaulas Flamenc of Count Ramon Berenguer IV. (Flemish) In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 162 THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 107 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Lost Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 115v Arxiu Capitular de Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 6, Tortosa, Cartulary 5, 164, fols 62v-63r d. 95, fols 47v-48r Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Extraventari (264.315) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Remolins, Vilanova (2: Remolins) (280.136) Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 193, fol. 61 v Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Santa Maria, Taules Belles (9: Santa Maria) (178.138) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Testaments 3, 23 (275.207) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Extraventari (facsimile) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Fabrica, 19, moved Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Remolins, Vilanova (3: Vilanova) (275.165) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Tevisola, Anglerola, (1: Anglerola, etc) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 6, d. 210, fol. 83r 108 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 118 11 November Bertran of Toulouse and his wife Jordana sell to the monastery of Poblet 1166 and Abbot Hugh all the honours which they possess in the territory of Som with all the trees and things within it. In Cartidari de Poblet, ed. Pons i Marques, no. 199. 119 9 December Cohen and his wife Cethor and his family sell to Petro lohane of 1166 Grenada the rights that they had in Aion over an orchard in Xerta. The orchard was located west of the land of Gerald of Salvanieg (Salvagnac). In Diplomatari de Santa Maria de Poblet, ed. Altisent, no. 300. 120 30 December King Alfonso II, with William Ramon and Ramon Montcada, give 1166 to Peter Santponc a land in Tortosa, which touches the Ebro and the alfodeo of the men of Narbonne, on the condition that he will build on it. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 164. 121 March Bertran of Sarlat and his wife Guilelma sell to Raymond Angles houses 1167x1198 in the parish of St. Vicent, Lleida. In Diplomatari de Santa Maria de Poblet, ed. Altisent, no. 309. Gerald of Salvaiaco (Salvagnac) Gerald of Salvnieg (Salvagnac) Gilbert Anglicus 122 12 July 1167 Guillelm Pucuz and Petro of Tortosa exchange properties. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 172. Gerald of Salvanieg (Salvagnac) 123 15 August William of Caorz and his wife Pelegrina sell for 3 morabits to Guerau, 1167 prior of St. Mary's of Tortosa, and to the canons, a quarter of the algecira that had belonged to poor Moferrix Abinalfer, which he had by donation from Count Ramon Berenguer IV between Xerta and Tivenys. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 174. 124 2 September Gales and his wife Aloys sell a quarter of an algezire and two parts of 1167 land which they had at Tibenx to Geraldo prior of St Mary's of Tortosa. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 177. Gilbert Anglicus Pagan Anglicus and Peter Galeg (Welsh?) 125 19 September Gerald of Morlans, his daughter Pasxhalia and his brother Brunet sell to 1167 Helie and his associate William of Irunda a vineyard and land in Bitem. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 178. 126 24 September Poncius of Montepellier and his wife Maria sell to Poncius, bishop 1167 of Tortosa, two orchards that they had in Sum which the count of Barcelona had given to them. One is to the south of the orchard of William of Sivinicho (Salvagnac). In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 179. 127 2 October Gales [Angles?] and his wife Alois bequeath to master Peter of 1167 Narbonne and his wife Raimunda and their children the tower located above the farm of Gerald of Salvanieg (Salvagnac). In El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 131. William of Sivinicho (Salvagnac) Pagan [Anglicus?] Gerald Salvanieg (Salvagnac) and Gilbert Anglicus THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 109 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Lost Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Clero secular y regular, c. 2010, fol. 14 Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, Cartulari de Poblet, ms. 241, fols. 131 v-132r Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 8(Titol VIII) d. 87, fol. 141 Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Clero secular y regular, c. 2011, fol. 7 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Extrainventari (140.110) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Remolins, Villanova (6: Xerta) (200,160) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Arenes, Tivenys (7: Tivenys, etc) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Tevizola, Anglerola, (2: Bitem) (211.114) Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 2, Titol IV, d. XXXIII, fol. 1 16 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 6 d. 166, fol. 63v Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 113v 110 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 128 15 October Gauterius of Cassala sells to Osbert Angles olive orchards and lands 1167 that he had in Xerta by a comital gift. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 180. Pagan Angles 129 24 November Bernardus Faber and his wife Marchesa and his family sell to God and 1167 to Arnaldo of Ture Rubea Master of Spain and to Brother Guillelmeo Berardo commander of the castle of Miravet, land in the territory of Tortosa on the other side of the river. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode, no. 29. 130 1 December Moro and his wife Sibila sell to Gerald, prior of St. Mary's of Tortosa, 1167 and to the canons, land that they had as a comital donation in Villa Rubea. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 182. Gerald of Salvanieg (Salvagnac) Gerald of Silvinac (Salvagnac) 131 31 December Poncius, scribe, grants to St. Mary's and to its Bishop Poncius houses Gerald of Silviniacho 1167 which he possesses in Lleida. (Salvagnac) In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 183. 132 9 July 1168 Agnes, countess of Tarragona, William of Tarragona, Robert, Berenguer, Agnes, William sons of Agnes, and Sibila, wife of William, for their love of the church Burdet, Robert and for the remission of their sins donate a house in Tarragona as a Burdet II, Berenguer place where the brothers of the monastery of Poblet will be able to stay Burdet, Agnes, wife when they come to Tarragona. of Wi 11 iam In Cartulari de Poblet, ed. Pons i Marques, no. 260. 133 26 July 1168 King Alfonso II of Aragon with the consent of various nobles, including Gilbert Anglicus the count of Montpellier, gives the land of Peduls to Gerald de Rivo, Peter de Sancto Martino and Raimund the Charaltir. In Cartas depoblaciony franquicia de Cataluna, ed. Font Rius, 1, no. 134. 6 October Raimund of Moncada accepts that he is in debt to Gilbert Angles for 1168 120 morabinos. Peter Subiras and Guillelm of Tornamira appear as guarantors to the agreement. In El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 139. 134 135 19 September Bernard of Castronovo and Bernard of Espulges make an oath on the 1168 altar of St. Felix in the church of the Martyr St. Iusti and Pastoris, and in the presence of Arnau, over the will William (Burdet?) of Tarragona. In Diplomatari de Santa Maria de Poblet, ed. Altisent, no. 335. 136 1 December Agnes, countess of Tarragona, and her sons Robert and Berenguer, 1168 confirm to the monastery of St. Mary's of Poblet the donation of William, son of Agnes, to the monks, for the domain that they have in the area of Rivo de Ulmis known as Metta. In Diplomatari de Santa Maria de Poblet, ed. Altisent, no. 342. 137 1 December Bernardus of Vic and his wife Emegardis and his family sell to 1169 Guillelmus Berardo, master and commander of the Templars in Tortosa and Miravet, a land that used to belong to Pereta the widow of Peter Compang, located on the banks of the Ebro in a place known as Benigello. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode, no. 35. Agnes, Robert II and Berenguer Viva Anglicus, an English knight THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 111 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Subtresoreria 2, 97 (260.72) Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 207, fol. 65r Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Genova, Vila-roja (9: Vila- roja) Lost Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Clero secular y regular, c. 2012, fol. 12 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 6, d. 38, fol. 25 Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, Cartulari de Poblet, ms 241, fs.l69r-196v. Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Prior Major, 2,7.21 Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Clero secular y regular, c. 2012, fol. 13 Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Cod. 992 B, fol. 50r Lost Lost Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Clero secular y regular, c. 2013, fol. 3 Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Clero secular y regular, c. 2013, fol. 1 Lost Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago Cancilleria, perg. de Alfonso I, n, 59 Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 121 Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Cancilleria, Reg. no. 2. (Varia de Alfonso I no. 2) fol. lOv Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, Cartulari de Poblet, ms 241, fs.l69v-170r Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 113, fol. 36r 112 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 138 5 January Peter, abbot of Santes Creus, gives the honours that used to belong Gerald of Salvanieco 1169 to Guillelm Deztrus and the Saracen Avifora in Bitem and Adusc, to (Salvagnac) Gerald of Salvanieco and Peter of Guinstario. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 142. 139 15 July 1169 140 141 1 October 1169 7 October 1170 Arnaldus Dolcebal and his family sell to Guillelm Berard, master of Gilbert Anglicus the Templars of Tortosa and Miravet, Peter Echeri, Peter lohannis and other brothers of the Order of the Temple, an orchard in the territory of Tortosa in the place known as Arennis. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primerperiode, no. 33. Albertus of Castro Veteri donates to God and to Guillelm, master of the Gilbert Anglicus Templars, and to the Order, a land in the territory of Tortosa on the other side of the Ebro, located between the river and the main highway. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode, no. 34. Guillelm of Fontes and his wife Isabel sell to Gilbert Anglicus an orchard in Aldover. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 148. Gilbert Anglicus 142 20 December Guillelm of Copons and his wife Tropina sell to St. Mary's of Tortosa 1170 and prior Gerald and the canons, the farm of Antiquos, which was bought from Bertran de Castelet who had received it from the count. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 210. Gilbert Anglicus 143 1 January Ermessend, prior of St. Mary's Valle Laura and St. Felix, with the Gilbert Anglicus 1171 consent of sister Pelegrina and the entire convent, gives to Iener all their honours in Xerta that they acquired by donation from Peter John. Some conditions are attached to the gift. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 222. 144 30 January King Alfonso II of Aragon and Ramon Montecatano give to the hospital Gilbert Anglicus 1171 of church of St. Mary's of Tortosa and to Guillelm the administrator, the vineyard that had been given to Arnau Cavador in Villa Nova. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 223. 145 31 January King Alfonso II of Aragon together with Guillelm Ramon and Ramon Gilbert Anglicus 1171 of Montecatano give to Petro of Braia the houses that had been bought from Bernardo Fabro. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 224. 146 31 January Peter de Braies, with the consent of the brothers of Sanct Genes, sells to 1171 St. Mary's of Tortosa and Gerald, prior and the chapter of that church, the houses which he acquired from Bernard, with the later confirmation from King Alfonso II and of Guillemus Raimundo and Raimund of Montecatano. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 225. 147 4 March 1171 Bemad of Martorel and his wife Escleria exchange with Ulriguet Nigrapllis and his wife, land that they have in Arrabato on the banks of the Ebro for land in Arenes and 18 morabatinos. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 227. Gilbert Anglicus, Gerald of Salvaneco (Salvagnac) William of Salvanieco (Salvagnac) and Gerald of Salvaniecco (Salvagnac) THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 113 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 105v Lost Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 124, fol. 39r Lost Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. HI, no. 94, fol. 3lr Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 116 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Grandella, Camarles, 15 (270.280) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Remolins, Vilanova(8: Xerta), ABC Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Hospitaller 30 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Genova, Vila-roja (1: Genova) (235.140) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Genova, Vila-roja (1: Genova, 42) (210.210). Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.l. Catedral de Tortosa, Extrainventari, copy of lost ms. from 1/12/1212 114 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 148 23 March 1171 149 13 May 1171 Durandus of Podio and his wife Estephana sell to God and to the Gerald of Salvanec Templars of Tortosa and Miravet, land that they had on the other side of (Salvagnac), the Ebro in the place called Alfarela. William of Salvanec In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode, (Salvagnac) no. 39. Gerald Rubeus for the salvation of his soul and that of his parents grants Gerald of Salvanec land close to Algecira Mazcor to the church of St. Mary's of Tortosa. (Salvagnac) In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 212. 150 16 May 1171 Hugh Francigena and his daughter Guillelma, widow of John of Provins, and Peter, her son, sell to Ramon Speleu, with the consent of Ramon Montecatano, some houses which they possess in Tortosa. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 213. 151 15 July 1171 Arnaldus Cavador because of sickness dictates his testament; he leaves many properties to the church of St. Mary's, Tortosa. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 214. Gerald of Silvanec (Salvagnac), Peter Galec (Welsh?), John of Tortosa and Gilbert Anglicus Pagan Angles and Raymond Angles 152 10 October Druhet dictates his testament and names Gilbert Angles among others as Gilbert Anglicus 1171 guarantor. He leaves lands to the church of St. Mary's. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 218. 153 3 November 1171 154 18 January 1172 155 21 January 1172 156 157 1 June 1172 (Date on Charter is 1162, but it seems to be a mistake according to Udina Martorell) 8 May 1 1172 Robert Otoncnsis confirms the will made by his brother William Angles in favour of the church of St. Mary's of honours in Xerta, which he had received from the count of Barcelona. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 220. Vlugetus Nigra Pelle and his wife Batxera sell to Guillem Berard, master of the Templars, land that they had in the territory of Tortosa on the other side of the river. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode, no. 40. Theobaldus of Ripol, his son Raymundus Theobald and his wife Ninna sell to Guillelm Berard and theKnights Templar land that they have in the territory of Tortosa by the river. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode, no. 41. Gilbert Engles (Anglicus) for the remission of his sins gives properties which he had already granted in his will and his house in Tortosa, to St. Mary's Valle Laura. In El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Crens, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 104. Will of Gilbert Anglicus: he makes his brother Theobald, Gerald of Salviniaco and Jordan Angles among others guarantors of his will. He leaves many lands to the monastery of Santes Creus, his brother, the Templars and the Hospitallers. In El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 157. Gales Angles, Pagan [Angles?], Jordan [Angles?], Geoffrey [Angles?] and Gerald [Angles?] Petri Galeg (Welsh?) Gilbert Anglicus, Jordan Angles Gilbert Anglicus Gilbert Anglicus, his brother Theobaldo, Gerald of Salviniaco (Salvagnac) and Jordan Angles THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 115 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Lost Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 212, fol. 66r-v Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Donacions i llegats, 7 (270.116) Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 2, titol III, d. VI, Ibis. 55v-57 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Extrainventri (310.200) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Testaments 3, 36(230,156) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Subtesoreria 2, 49. Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 70, fols. 69v-70 Lost Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 90, fol. 30r Lost Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no.96, fol. 31 v Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 104v Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 100 116 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 158 159 27 September 1172 4 November 1172 160 10 November 1172 Arnaldus de Pons donate to Foget the third part of a mill in Aitona on condition of not having another overlord but him. Another part belongs to William Angles. In Diplomatari de Santa Maria de Poblet, ed. Altisent, no. 440. Stephanus, administrator of the sacristy of the church of St. Mary's of Tortosa, with the consent of Bishop Poncius gives to Geoffrey Anglico and his wife Bernarde the vineyard and olive orchard which the church had received from Gilbert Anglicus in Aldover. When the recipients of the gift are dead the land will return to the church. The recipients are also to pay a rent for the land annually at Candlemas (2 February). The document is signed by Geoffrey Anglico and his wife. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 234. Bonifacius sell to Guillelm Berard, master of the Templars and the Order, land in the territory of Tortosa in the area called Algizira Mascor. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primerperiode, no. 44. Geoffrey Anglico and his wife Bernade, Peter Galleg (Welsh?) and Gerald Salvanieco (Salvagnac). William of Salvenec (Salvagnac) 161 162 10 November 1172 17 November 1172 163 January 1173 Ermellina and her son Mallonus sell to Guillelm Berard, master of the Templars and the Order, land that they had in the area called Algizira Mascor in the territory of Tortosa. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode, no. 45. William of Salvanec (Salvagnac) and his wife Jordana sell to Gullelm Berard, master of the Templars and the order, land that they had in Tortosa on the other side of the river in a place called Bercat. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode, no. 46. Peter, abbot of Santes Creus, grants to John Angles the monastery's houses in Tortosa that had belonged to Gilbert Anglicus, one in Carrera Antigua and the other in Carrera Maior. In El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 177. William of Salvanec (Salvagnac) William of Salvenec (Salvagnac), Jordana wife of William of Salvenec (Salvagnac), Peter Geleg (Welsh?) Gilbert Anglicus and Theobaldo [Angles?], canon of St. Mary's of Tortosa 164 January 1173 Peter, abbot of Santes Creus, gives to John Angles all the monastery's honours in Xerta. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 176. Gilbert Anglicus and Theobald [Anglicus?], canon at St. Mary's of Tortosa 165 5 January Peter, abbot of Santes Creus, gives to Petro Galeg (Welsh?) and Gerald Gilbert Anglicus 1173 Ginestar an honour that used to belong to Guillelm of Sanct Mainati in and Canon Theobald the area of Tortosa. [Angles] In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 179. 166 20 June 1173 Gauceran de Pinos, Guillelm of Acarras and Bernard of Graiana in the presence of the bishop of Urgel publish the last will of Gerald of Graniana; William Anglicus and John Anglicus are left 40 solidos. In Diplomatari de Santa Maria de Poblet, ed. Altisent, no. 461. 4 October Geoffrey Anglicus donates to the monastery of Santes Creus, properties Reginald Angles, 1173 including a plantation with figs and olives, which is south of that Galeg [Angles?] and of Gilbert [Anglicus?] and other property close to that of Gerald of Pagan Angles Selvainec (Salvagnac) in Aldover. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 172. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 117 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Lost Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, cod. 992B,fol.l01v Arxiu Capitular de la S.L Catedral de Tortosa, Subtresoreria 1,61 (147,250) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 77, fol. 75 Lost Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 222, fols. 68v-69r Lost Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 224, fol. 69r Lost Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 186, fol. 60r-v Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 101 v Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 120v Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 107 Lost Archivo Historico Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Nacional, Madrid, Clero secular y Clero secular y regular, c. 2019, regular, c. 2019, fol. 12 fol. 13 Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 107v 118 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 168 5 October 1173 169 19 October 1173 170 20 February 1174 171 27 February 1174 172 24 February 1174 173 23 October 1174 174 9 September 1174 Geoffrey Angles chooses Petro Galeg (Welsh?) and Reginald Angles Peter Galeg among others as guarantors of his will. He bequeaths his body to the (Welsh?), Reginald monastery of Santes Creus and gives the monastery a house in Tortosa Angles and John and a honour that used to belong to a Saracen. Angles In El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 173. Jordan Anglicus and his brother Osbert Anglicus sell to the church of St. Mary's and to Theobald, administrator of the vestry, 4 olive orchards that used to belong to Avinahal Avingasard. They had been acquired by Osbert from Galterius Cassel. They were in Xerta, east of the land of William of Silviniaco (Salvagnac). In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 249. Martinus Formice sells to Guillem Berard, master of the Templar and the order, a vineyard in Bitem which is located in the territory of Tortosa. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer per iode, no. 52. Geoffrey Flamench (Flemish?) and his wife Bernarda sell to St. Mary's of Tortosa and Theobald, the sacristan, two parcels of land, which they had in Aldover by comital donation. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 263. Guillelm Berard, master of the Templars, grants Benet, his wife and their successors a vineyard that the Templars had at a place called Lbaris. The Templars reserve the right to recieve a third of the produce, tithes and other privileges. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer per iode, no. 53. Durandus of Podio and his wife Stephana for the salvation of their souls grant after their death to St. Mary's of Tortosa and its sacristan Theobald an olive orchard which they bought from Berenguer of Cardona which was mixed with that of Gilbert Anglicus in Xerta. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 259. Raymond of Soler gives to Peter of Bagaza and his wife Maria, a piece of land in Fontanet on payment of 6 solidos annually on the the day of St. Michael. The land is beside that of Raymond Angles In Diplomatari de Santa Maria de Poblet, ed. Altisent, no. 507. Gilbert (Anglicus?) Jordan Anglicus, John Anglicus and Pagan Anglicus Paetri Galech (Welsh?) 175 14 December Gerald of Silviniacho (Salvagnac) and his wife Raimunda for the 1174 redemption of their souls and that of their parents, give to the sacristy of St. Mary's of Tortosa and its titular Theobald, an orchard with trees and olives and all its wealth. The land is east of the honour of Gerald Anglicus in Xerta. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 260. 176 1 June 1175 Examen and his wife Navarra sell to the sacristy of St. Mary's of Tortosa and Theobald a parcel of land that they had in Aldover south of the land of Gilbert Anglicus. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 264. Gerald of Silviniacho (Salvagnac) and his wife Raimunda Pagan Anglicus 177 12 June 1175 Theobald, brother of Gilbert Anglicus and canon of the church of St. Jordan Anglicus and Mary's of Tortosa, gives to the same church for the salvation of his Gilbert Anglicus soul and that of his parents land which he acquired from the Saracens together with his brother Gilbert in Aldover and other land in Xerta. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 265. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 119 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 116v Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 67, fols. 67v-68r Lost Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 214, fol.67r Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 73, fols. 72v-73r Lost Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 77, fol. 26r Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Subtresoreria 2, 44 Arxiu Capitular de la S.l. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 76, fols. 74-75r Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Clero secular y regular, c. 2022, fol. 2 (no. 72) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Subtresoreria 2, 53 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 68, fols. 68-69r Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Subtresoreria 3, 51 (180,150) Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 72, fol. 72 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 74, fol. 73 120 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 178 179 12 November 1175 13 November 1175 Peter, abbot of Santes Creus, gives to Dominic of Aldover and his son Trobad, honours over olive trees and other properties around Tortosa that used to belong to Geoffrey Anglicus. I lowever, there is land which they sold to Gilbert his brother which is not included. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 189. Arnaldus of Sancto Petro, his wife Guilia and his son Raymundus sell to the Templars and Arnald of Turre Rubea a vineyard that they had in Tortosa in the area known as Labar. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode, no. 58. Peter, abbot of Santes Creus, gives to John Anglico, the houses which the monastery possessed in Tortosa that used to belong Gilbert Anglico. John Anglico promises give his body to the monastery after his death and part of his possessions. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 195. Gerald of Salvanieco (Salvagnac) and his wife Raimunda for the salvation of their souls donate to St. Mary of Poblet and to Abbot Hugh an orchard in Xerta. In Diplomatari de Santa Maria de Poblet, ed. Altisent, no. 551. Will of John, chaplain of the church of Aldea. He asks to be accepted as a canon of the church of St Mary's of Tortosa and donates a large amount of his property to it. He also stipulates that his nephews John and Arnaldus will join as canons when they reach the right age. If they have not done so by the time of their deaths, the property will pass to the church. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 292. 183 21 April 1176 Joan de Pinca, for the salvation of his soul, donates to God and to the Virgin Mary and to the Knights Templar, an orchard at Pempin in the territory of Tortosa, contiguous to that of Petro Galeg. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode, no. 61. 180 February 1176 51 11 February 1176 182 13 February 1176/7 Peter Galeg (Welsh?) Peter Galeg (Welsh?) Gilbert Anglicus and Peter Galeg (Welsh?) Gerald of Salvaieco (Salvagnac), John Anglicus, Peter Galeg. Gerald of Salviniacho (Salvagnac) Peter Galeg (Welsh?) 184 185 17 March 1177 29 October 1177 186 9 May 1178 Stefanus Clevel and his sons Peter and Stephanus sell to Odes Tremps and his wife Ferreira houses in the parish of St. John, Lleida, contiguous to the land of Raymond Angles In Diplomatari de Santa Maria de Poblet, ed. Altisent, no. 580. Accord between Nicholas Anglicus and the canons of the church of St. Nicholas Anglicus John and St. Ruffus of Ylerda over an honour which Osbert, brother of Nicholas, had given to Canon Peter. Nicholas would receive 11 Vi pitchers of olive oil. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 289. Icobus son of Tabarie sell to Poncius, prior of St. Mary's of Tortosa, two Gerald of Salvaniaco parcels of land in Villa Rubea. (Salvagnac) In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 294. 187 29 May 1178 Ramon of Zabadia and his wife Maria sell to the church of St. Mary's Gerald of Salvanieco of Tortosa and to its sacristan, Nicholas, the honour that they had in (Salvagnac) Tamarit in the area of Tortosa. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 296. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 121 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 117v Lost Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 258, fol. 78v Lost Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Clero secular y regular, c. 2024 fol. Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Testaments 2, 44 (405, 200). Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 118 Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, Cartulari de Poblet, ms. 241, fol. 214r-v Archivo Historico Nacional, Clero secular y regular, c. 2024 fol. 2. Archivo Historico Nacional, Clero secular y regular, c. 2024 fol. 3 Lost Archivo Historico Nacional, Clero secular y regular, c. 2025 fol. 14 Arxiu Capitular de la S.l. Catedral de Tortosa, bishop commune and chapter 41 (220,125) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Genova, Vila-roja (5: Alfondec. La Grassa, 16) (245,180) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Extrainventari Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 204, fols. 63v-64r Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 84, fol. 80 122 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 188 27 January Ramon of Zaruvira and his wife Ramona sell to Arnald of Arens a land Gerald of 1179 in Arens. Salvaniacho In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 305. (Salvagnac) 189 16 April 1179 William of Salvaniaco and his wife Jordana sell to St. Mary's of Tortosa two orchards of olive trees, one in Xerta and the other in Matrona, which both used to belong to Saracens. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 307. 190 3 July 1180 Accord achieved between the monastery of Santes Creus and Bertrand, clerk of Tamarit, and Guillelm of Claro Monte about rights over the first fruits of Monte Tome. They agree these will be divided equally between the two parties. In El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 231. 191 7 March 1181 Ermessenda Buschana and her son Arnald Xicot sell in Lafranch two small parcels of land to Gerald of Silvaniacho. One is to the west of the honour of Gerald Salvaniecho (Salvagnac), the other has on its west the honour of Gerald Salvanc. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 336. 192 5 June 1181 Robert Alcaix exchanges with Berengar of Avinionis, master of the Order, and Peter of Auxor, commander of the Order in Tortosa, and the brothers of the Order, land that they had in Algeri Mascor for some owned by the Templars and a sum of money. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primerperiode, no. 74. Ramon of Cintillis and his wife Valenza grant to St. Mary's of Tortosa and its head Nicholas two parcels of land in Villa Nova and an orchard and two olive orchards in Xerta. The orchard is east of the honour of Jordan Anglicus. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 348. Ermessind, daughter of Aldeia and wife of Nicholas Anglicus, gives to the sacristy of St. Mary's of Tortosa an honour in Aldover that used to belong to the Saracens. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 360. 195 5 June 1183 Johannes Cazafulia sell to St. Mary's of Tortosa a third part of the rights over an olive plantation in Aldover. The other 2 parts belong to the monks of Santas Crues and to Nicholas Anglicus. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 354. 9 November Berenguer Garidelli gives to Bernard Alcaide land outside the wall of 1183 the city on condition of building a house and paying rent for it. The land is south of that of Ermessend, wife of Jordan Anglicus. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 357. 193 194 30 October 1182 20 March 1183 196 William of Salvaniaco (Salavagnac), G[erald] of Salvaniaco (Salvagnac) Gilbert Anglicus Peter Galeg (Welsh?) Jordan Anglicus 197 January 1184 Alfonso II of Aragon recognizes the rights that the Knights Templar possess in the territory of Tortosa, before donating parts of the city and its territory to them. Among the lands given are two parcels which used to belong to Gilbert Anglicus in Vila Rubeam. In Liberfeudorum maior, ed. Rosell, 1, no. 477. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 123 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Arenes, Tivenys (2: Arenes) (185,160) Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.l. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 69, fol. 69 Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Santes Creus, perg. 86 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Arenes, Tivenys (4: Arenes) Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 76v Lost Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 225, fol. 69v Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Subtresoreria 2, 48 Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 79, fols. 76v-77r Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Alfondec, Costa S. Jaume (4: Alfondec, Grassa, 25) (175,185), ABC Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, perg. Pedro I, no. 277 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 66, fols. 66-67r Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 78, fols. 75v-76 124 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 198 28 January William of Salvanec (Salvagnac) and his wife Jordana donate to the William of Salvanec 1184 Templars an orchard in the territory of Tortosa in the area called Xerta. (Salvagnac) William promises to pay the Order a pitcher of olive oil every year on Christmas day. In Pagarolas, La comanda del Temple de Tortosa: primer periode, no. 82. 199 26 July 1186 Ramon Adei and his wife Ermengard and his brother Arnaldus owe Jordan Anglicus to Martin of Estorga and his wife Stephanie 6 mazmudines of gold in weight and for this they are supposed to give their houses in Remolins. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 402. 200 2 April 1187 Hugh, abbot of Santes Creus, gives to John Anglico and his wife Rosse No clear Anglo- the monastery's honours in Almonia in the territory of Tortosa which Norman witnesses used to belong to Geoffrey Anglico. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 289. 201 30 July 1187 Nicholas, sacristan of St. Mary's of Tortosa, with the consent of Poncius, prior, gives Mahomet Alfanec for the duration of his life an orchard that used to belong to Gerald Silvaniaco (Salvagnac) in Xerta. He is to deliver a quarter of its production to the church. The land is to the east of the honour that used to belong to Gilbert Anglicus. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 414. 202 1188 Gilbert (Anglicus?) gives lands to the monastery of Poblet. John Angles In Cartulari de Poblet, ed. Pons i Marques, no. 181. 203 3 May 1188 Poncius, prior of St. Mary's of Tortosa, with the consent of Sancho, of the church of St. John of Campo, gives to Gerald Silvaniaco (Salvagnac) a parcel of land in Arens on the condition of planting a vineyard and giving back to the church a third of the produce. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 426. 204 18 June 1189 Berenguer Garidel and his wife Geralda exchange with Poncius, bishop Gerald of Salvaniaco of Tortosa, houses in Tortosa in the borough of Grassas for lands in (Salvagnac) Ladar. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 434. 205 7 July 1189 Ermesinda de Provenza and her husband Ramon Vilardel sell to Arnald of Arenis a land south of the land of Gerald Silviniaco (Salvagnac). In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 436. 206 30 November John Anglicus and his wife Rossa sell to Hugh, abbot of Santes Creus, William of 1189 an orchard in Aldover. Salviniaco In El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 332. (Salvagnac) 207 30 November 1189 Grant to Santes Creus of lands in Xerta is verified by Poncius Aurerius and his wife Dulce. He also promises to enter the monastery as a monk. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 333. John Anglicus THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 125 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Lost Arxiu de la Corona Arxiu de la Corona d'Arago, Barcelona, d'Arago, Barcelona, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, Sec. 5. arm. 4, v. Ill, no. 255, fol. 78r no. 248, fol. 78r Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Alfondec, Costa S. Jaume (Costa S. Jaume 1) (162,130) Lost Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 119 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 14, fol. 14 Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Arenes, Tivenys (2: Arenes) (180,175), ABC Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Tevizola, Anglerola (2: Bitem), ABC Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Arenes, Tivenys (1: Arenes) (180,155) Lost Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, Cartulari de Poblet, ms. 241, no. 181 Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 106v Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 123 126 LUCAS VILLEGAS-ARISTIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 208 30 November Raimund of Sentiles and his wife Valencia give to the monastery land John Anglicus 1189 in Xerta. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Sanies Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 334. 209 1 March 1190 Abbot Hugh of Santes Creus bequeaths vineyards that John Anglico No clear Anglo- held in Aldover that had belonged to Gilbert Anglicus. Normans as In El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 338. witnesses 210 28 April 1191 After many controversies, by deposition of the curia, the important men of Tortosa, including John Anglicus and the canons on one side and the brothers of the Order of the Hospital on the other, reach an agreement over the distribution of tithes over the whole of the territory of Tortosa. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 456. 211 25 October Raimundus Gelegus (Welsh? Galician?) and his people sell to Nicholas, Ramon Galec 1193 sacristan of the church of Tortosa, two orchards which he had bought (Welsh/Galician?) from the son (unnamed) of Pagan Anglicus, which are located in Som and in a small land in Avinalop, with the honour of William of Silvaniaco (Salvagnac) on its north west. The other orchard is south of the honour of William Salviniaco (Salvagnac). In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 497. 212 22 February Gombadus, bishop of Tortosa, and Poncius, prior with the consent of William of 1196 the chapter, donate to Jacob an orchard that they had in Som, and other Salviniaco properties and rights. (Salvagnac) In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 535. 213 14 October Peter of Palma gives to Gazone, in gratitude for his services, a house 1196 that he had near the church of St. Mary's of Tortosa, in the sector known as Tamarit. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 551. John Anglicus 214 13 March Peter, who was the son of Arnald of Lupricat, sells to Paratge and his William of 1198 wife Guillelma half a vineyard and land in Bitem for which he paid Salviniaco as rent one-fifth of the produce to the bishop of Tortosa. The buyer (Salvagnac) promises to continue paying the dues to the bishop. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 568. 215 15 January Peter of Pruneto, prior of St. Rufus of Ylerde, and Bertrandus, canon 1199 of the place, exchange with Gombald, bishop of Tortosa, and Poncius, prior of the same church, an orchard that they have in Bitem, which had been owned by Osbert Angles, and the honours that they possess in Xerta which they had acquired from Berenguer Torrogio, for two vineyards the chapter of Tortosa had in Pardinis Ylerde. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 579. 216 4 February Ramona, who was the wife of Berenguer of Torta, sells to Poncius, 1204 sacristan of St. Mary's of Tortosa, houses that she had as census from him outside the walls of Tortosa in the place know as Alfondico. The house has on its western side the lands that used to belong to William of Salviniacho (Salvagnac). In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 640. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 127 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Lost Lost Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 124 Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 124v Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Templars 9, 18/12/1209 Arxiu Capitular de la S.l. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 8, fols. 154-155r Arxiu Capitular de la S.l. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 6, fol. 13 Arxiu Capitular de la S.l. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 9, fols. 129-130r Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4, d. 90, fols. 84-85r Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Arenes,Tivenys (6,Tyvenys) (210,165) ABC Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Santa Maria, Taules Velles (9: Santa Maria) Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Tevizola, Anglerola, Bitem (2: Bitem) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tort^s<F,<Oc.'iaia.y\ir d. 172, fol. 66 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 2, titol IV, d. XXI111, fols. 106v-108r Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 6, d, 161, fol. 61 Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 4,d. 120, fols. 109v-110r 128 LUCAS VILLEGAS-AR1STIZABAL No. Date Description Witnesses 217 4 August Gombaldus, bishop of Tortosa, and the canons on one side and Brother 1206 Martin of Andos, master of the Hospital of Amposta and the brothers on the other, dispute the right to receive tithes from Aide. The Hospitallers claim that after buying the land that they had reached an accord previously with Bishop Poncius. Peter of Tolone and Arnaldus of Tolone are chosen to arbitrate the dispute with the counsel of Pere of Malobosc, master of Vitaler, and Guillelm Gozi. They decide that the cathedral should have the tithes for all that to which it had right and that the Order should have the tithes of everything that they produced from the land from now on. Both parties were to honour the previous accord for the exceptions over the land between the estate of Gerald of Salvanico (Salvagnac) and the caves of Carpaxo and all the way to the sea. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 672. 218 4 May 1209 Gog and his wife Basaloni sell to Bernard Bruno and his wife Bernarda William of a vineyard that she had in the area of Tortosa at the plain of St. John of Salviniaco the Camp. (Salvagnac) In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 719. 219 25 July 1210 Gombaldus, bishop of Tortosa, Poncius, prior, Guillelm of Alos, JohnAnglicus chamberlain, Bernard, sacristan, Poncius and Peter, priests, give to John, chaplain of St. Mary's of Aldea, the first fruits and tithes of the Christians and Muslims that work in the area of Aldea, and other rights that had been given by Bernardo of Pulcro Loco. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 734. 220 No Date Confirmation of possessions, which Raymond of Copons had through Ramon Puigalt. One orchard in Xerta besides that of William Salvaiec ... And another orchard in Assent besides that of Gerald Salvaiec ... And also a parcel of land in Bitem between those of Robert Tenes and Reginald Anglicum. In Cartulari de Poblet, ed. Pons i Marques, no. 185. 221 (31 January Peter of Braia with the consent of the brothers of Sanct Genes sells to Gilbert Anglicus and 1171) St. Mary's of Tortosa and to Prior Gerald houses acquired originally Gerald of Salvaneco from Bernard Fabro and later confirmed by King Alfonso and the (Salvagnac) Montecatanos. In Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa, ed. Virgili, no. 225. 222 No date A note about the properties that the monastery of Santes Creus possessed in Xerta. Among them it mentions that there were some that belonged to Gilbert Anglicus who has became a monk at Santes Creus. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 394. 223 No date A note of the properties that the monastery of St. Mary's Valle Laura received in Tortosa, from certain people. Gerald of Salvaniaco (Salvagnac) is mentioned as one of the donors. In El "Llibre Blanch" de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 395. 224 No date Note of tributes that a few serfs are expected to give to the monastery of Santes Creus. Gerald Salvanec (Salvagnac), Petro Gelg and John Angles are mentioned. They are to supply olive oil in large quantities for their fiefs. In El "Llibre Blanch " de Santes Creus, ed. Udina Martorell, no. 396. THE CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF TORTOSA, 1148-1180 129 Original First Copy Second Copy Third Copy Fourth Copy Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 3, fols. 28-30r Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 8, titol V, d. IV, no. 55, fols. 93v-94 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 9A, pp. 185-88 Arxiu Capitular de ia S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Rectoria de PAdea, 54 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Trevizola, Anglerola (I: Anglerola, etc) (155,175), ABC Lost Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Trevizola, Anglerola (1: Anglerola, etc) (150,180), ABC. (Original, duplicate) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Rectoria de I'Aldea, 53 (315,130) Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Cartulary 8, d. 12, fol. 11 v Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, Cartulari de Poblet, no. 185 Arxiu Capitular de la S.I. Catedral de Tortosa, Genova, Vila-roja (1: Genova, 42) (210, 210) Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Sanies Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 121v Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 121v Lost Biblioteca Publica de Tarragona, El Llibre Blanch de Santes Creus, cart. no. 168, fol. 122