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Opus in profectus

Density

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Discussion

Confusion of mass and density. Objects have mass. Materials have density.

Density is the ratio of mass to volume for a material.

ρ = m
V

Units

1,000 kg/m3 = 1,000 g/l = 1 g/cm3

material density
(kg/m3)		   material density
(kg/m3)
acetone 790   kerosene 810
acid, acetic (CH3COOH) 1050   lard 919
acid, hydrochloric (HCl) ????   lead 11,350
acid, sulfuric (H2SO4) 1390   lithium 534
air, 100 K 3.556   lithium 6 deuteride 820
air, 200 K 1.746   lungs 400
air, 293 K 1.207   mayonnaise, traditional 910
air, 300 K 1.161   mayonnaise, light 1000
air, 500 K 0.696   methane, gas, +25 ℃ 0.656
air, 1,000 K 0.340   methane, liquid, −90 ℃ 162
alcohol, ethyl (grain) 789.2   milk, cow, heavy cream 994
alcohol, isopropyl (rubbing) 785.4   milk, cow, light cream 1012
alcohol, methyl (wood) 791.3   milk, cow, whole 1030
ammonia 771   milk, cow, skim 1033
aluminum 2700   mercury 13,594
argon, gas, ~300 K 1.449   monosodium glutamate 1620
argon, liquid, 87 K 1430   nickel 8900
beer, pilsner, 4 ℃ 1008   nitrogen (N2), gas, ~300 K 1.145
benzene 870   nitrogen (N2), liquid, 74 K 808
blood 1035   oil, vegetable, coconut 924
body fat 918   oil, vegetable, corn 922
bone 1900   oil, vegetable, olive 918
butane 551   oil, vegetable, palm 915
butter 911   oil, vegetable, peanut 914
carbon 2250   oil, vegetable, soya 927
carbon, diamond 3539   osmium 22,500
carbon dioxide, gas, +25 ℃ 1.799   oxygen (O2), gas, ~300 K 1.308
carbon dioxide, solid, −78 ℃ 1562   oxygen (O2), liquid, 87 K 1155
copper 8960   perchlorethylene 1600
corn starch, loosely packed 540   platinum 21,450
corn starch, tightly packed 630   plutonium, α 19,860
corn syrup 1380   salt (sodium chloride) 2165
diesel 800   silicon 2330
formaldehyde 1130   silicon dioxide (quartz) 2600
freon 12, liquid 1311   silicone 993
freon 12, vapor 36.83   silver 10,490
gasoline 803   skin 1050
glycerine 1260   sodium bicarbonate 2200
gold 19,300   sugar, sucrose 1550
grain, barley 620   titanium 4500
grain, corn, shelled 720   tungsten 19,300
grain, corn, ear 900   uranium 19,050
grain, flax 770   water, liquid, 100 ℃ 958.40
grain, millet 640   water, liquid, 50 ℃ 988.03
grain, oats 410   water, liquid, 30 ℃ 995.65
grain, rice, rough 580   water, liquid, 20 ℃ 998.21
grain, rice, hulled 750   water, liquid, 10 ℃ 999.70
grain, rye 720   water, liquid, 4 ℃ 999.98
grain, wheat 770   water, liquid, 0 ℃ 999.84
helium, gas, ~300 K 0.164   water, ice, 0 ℃ 916
helium, liquid, 4 K 147   water, ice, -50 ℃ 922
hydrogen (H2), gas, 300 K 0.082   water, ice, −100 ℃ 927
hydrogen (H2), liquid, 17 K 71   water, sea 1025
honey 1420   water, saline (0.9 % NaCl) 1004
iron 7870   zinc 7140
iridium 22,400      
Density of Selected Materials (~20 ℃, 1 atm)
object density
(kg/m3)		   object density
(kg/m3)
terrestrial planets (☿, ♀, ♁, ♂) 3900~5500   white dwarf star 105~109
jovian planets (♃, ♄, ♅, ♆) 0600~1600   neutron star 1017~1018
pluto (♇) 1900   stellar mass black hole ~1018
comets ~600   supermassive black hole ~107
sun (☉) 1400   observable universe ~10−26
main sequence stars 5~5000      
giant to supergiant stars 10−4~10−6      
Density of selected astronomical objects

Density as a general concept.