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(1) IndependentlyIndependent from the position of the charge $q$ in the cavity of the conductor the induced charge at the inner surface of the conductor is $-q$. By charge conservation in the conductor, or by Gauss' law, the charge on the outer surface of the conductor must again be $q$, with a zero electric field within the conductor. This holds for any closed shape of the outer conductor.

(2) Due to the spherical symmetry of the outer conductor (and its constant potential) the charge $q$ has to be evenly distributed on the outer surface as a constant surface charge producing a constant electric field at the outer surface. The surface charge has no reason to distribute inhomogeneously. The field in the conductor underneath is zero and the outer charge doesn't "feel" the position of the inside charge.

(3) If the conductor would not be a sphere, the total outer surface charge would still be $q$ and still be independent of the position of the cavitybcavity charge, but it would be distributed unevenly on the surface (of constant potential) producing an uneven surface electric field distribution.

(1) Independently from the position of the charge $q$ in the cavity of the conductor the induced charge at the inner surface of the conductor is $-q$. By charge conservation in the conductor, or by Gauss' law, the charge on the outer surface of the conductor must again be $q$, with a zero electric field within the conductor. This holds for any closed shape of the outer conductor.

(2) Due to the spherical symmetry of the outer conductor (and its constant potential) the charge $q$ has to be evenly distributed on the outer surface as a constant surface charge producing a constant electric field at the outer surface. The surface charge has no reason to distribute inhomogeneously. The field in the conductor underneath is zero and the outer charge doesn't "feel" the position of the inside charge.

(3) If the conductor would not be a sphere, the total outer surface charge would still be $q$ and still be independent of the position of the cavityb charge, but it would be distributed unevenly on the surface producing an uneven surface electric field distribution.

(1) Independent from the position of the charge $q$ in the cavity of the conductor the induced charge at the inner surface of the conductor is $-q$. By charge conservation in the conductor, or by Gauss' law, the charge on the outer surface of the conductor must again be $q$, with a zero electric field within the conductor. This holds for any closed shape of the outer conductor.

(2) Due to the spherical symmetry of the outer conductor (and its constant potential) the charge $q$ has to be evenly distributed on the outer surface as a constant surface charge producing a constant electric field at the outer surface. The surface charge has no reason to distribute inhomogeneously. The field in the conductor underneath is zero and the outer charge doesn't "feel" the position of the inside charge.

(3) If the conductor would not be a sphere, the total outer surface charge would still be $q$ and still be independent of the position of the cavity charge, but it would be distributed unevenly on the surface (of constant potential) producing an uneven surface electric field distribution.

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freecharly
freecharly
  • 19.6k
  • 2
  • 22
  • 46

(1) Independently from the position of the charge $q$ in the cavity of the conductor the induced charge at the inner surface of the conductor is $-q$. By charge conservation in the conductor, or by Gauss' law, the charge on the outer surface of the conductor must again be $q$, with a zero electric field within the conductor. This holds for any closed shape of the outer conductor.

(2) Due to the spherical symmetry of the outer conductor (and its constant potential) the charge $q$ has to be evenly distributed on the outer surface as a constant surface charge producing a constant electric field at the outer surface. The surface charge has no reason to distribute inhomogeneously. The field in the conductor underneath is zero and the outer charge doesn't "feel" the position of the inside charge.

(3) If the conductor would not be a sphere, the total outer surface charge would still be $q$ and still be independent of the position of the cavityb charge, but it would be distributed unevenly on the surface producing an uneven surface electric field distribution.