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Thermoception is a topic in psychophysics (or more broadly, in biophysics).

We generally perceive heat flux rather than temperature directly, as animal thermoceptors signal in response to skin temperature changes. However, heat flux (and hence skin temperature changes) depend on other physical factors than just air temperature. The heat flux is lower if the air is still and higher in wind (as the flow forcibly drives convection and disrupts an insulating boundary layer). The effectiveness of perspiration (to evaporatively dissipate waste metabolic heat from an animal's body) is reduced by ambient humidity, that is, by elevated wet bulb temperature. (These factors impact not just subjective sensation but also alter the survivability of extreme environments, for example wind chill affects rate of frostbite injury onset and wet bulb temperature predictions are important in placing an upper limit to human adaptability to climate change.)

In meteorology, a formula is used to account for these other physical factors that influence temperature perception, for example the Australian Bureau of Meteorology has used what is known as the Steadman Apparent Temperature:

$$T' = T_a + 0.33e — 0.70v — 4.00$$

Here, $T_a$ is the ambient air temperature (°C), $e$ is the atmospheric water vapour pressure (hPa), and $v$ is the near-surface wind speed ($m/s$). (The constant term represents how the body loses heat more easily than normal in air that is unusually dry.)

Thermoception is a topic in psychophysics (or more broadly, in biophysics).

We generally perceive heat flux rather than temperature directly, as animal thermoceptors signal in response to skin temperature changes. However, heat flux (and hence skin temperature changes) depend on other physical factors than just air temperature. The heat flux is lower if the air is still and higher in wind (as the flow forcibly drives convection and disrupts an insulating boundary layer). The effectiveness of perspiration (to evaporatively dissipate waste metabolic heat from an animal's body) is reduced by ambient humidity, that is, by elevated wet bulb temperature. (These factors impact not just subjective sensation but also alter the survivability of extreme environments, for example wind chill affects rate of frostbite injury onset and wet bulb temperature predictions are important in placing an upper limit to human adaptability to climate change.)

In meteorology, a formula is used to account for these other physical factors that influence temperature perception, for example the Australian Bureau of Meteorology has used what is known as the Steadman Apparent Temperature:

$$T' = T_a + 0.33e - 0.70v - 4.00$$

Here, $T_a$ is the ambient air temperature (°C), $e$ is the atmospheric water vapour pressure (hPa), and $v$ is the near-surface wind speed (m/s). (The constant term represents how the body loses heat more easily than normal in air that is unusually dry.)

Thermoception is a topic in psychophysics (or more broadly, in biophysics).

We generally perceive heat flux rather than temperature directly, as animal thermoceptors signal in response to skin temperature changes. However, heat flux (and hence skin temperature changes) depend on other physical factors than just air temperature. The heat flux is lower if the air is still and higher in wind (as the flow forcibly drives convection and disrupts an insulating boundary layer). The effectiveness of perspiration (to evaporatively dissipate waste metabolic heat from an animal's body) is reduced by ambient humidity, that is, by elevated wet bulb temperature. (These factors impact not just subjective sensation but also alter the survivability of extreme environments, for example wind chill affects rate of frostbite injury onset and wet bulb temperature predictions are important in placing an upper limit to human adaptability to climate change.)

In meteorology, a formula is used to account for these other physical factors that influence temperature perception, for example the Australian Bureau of Meteorology has used what is known as the Steadman Apparent Temperature:

$$T' = T_a + 0.33e — 0.70v — 4.00$$

Here, $T_a$ is the ambient air temperature (°C), $e$ is the atmospheric water vapour pressure (hPa), and $v$ is the near-surface wind speed ($m/s$).

Thermoception is a topic in psychophysics (or more broadly, in biophysics).

We generally perceive heat flux rather than temperature directly, as animal thermoceptors signal in response to skin temperature changes. However, heat flux (and hence skin temperature changes) depend on other physical factors than just air temperature. The heat flux is lower if the air is still and higher in wind (as the flow forcibly drives convection and disrupts an insulating boundary layer). The effectiveness of perspiration (to evaporatively dissipate waste metabolic heat from an animal's body) is reduced by ambient humidity, that is, by elevated wet bulb temperature. (These factors impact not just subjective sensation but also alter the survivability of extreme environments, for example wind chill affects rate of frostbite injury onset and wet bulb temperature predictions are important in placing an upper limit to human adaptability to climate change.)

In meteorology, a formula is used to account for these other physical factors that influence temperature perception, for example the Australian Bureau of Meteorology has used what is known as the Steadman Apparent Temperature:

$$T' = T_a + 0.33e — 0.70v — 4.00$$

Here, $T_a$ is the ambient air temperature (°C), $e$ is the atmospheric water vapour pressure (hPa), and $v$ is the near-surface wind speed ($m/s$). (The constant term represents how the body loses heat more easily than normal in air that is unusually dry.)

Thermoception is a topic in psychophysics (or more broadly, in biophysics).

We generally perceive heat flux rather than temperature directly, as animal thermoceptors signal in response to skin temperature changes. However, heat flux (and hence skin temperature changes) depend on other physical factors than just air temperature. The heat flux is lower if the air is still and higher in wind (as the flow forcibly drives convection and disrupts an insulating boundary layer). The effectiveness of perspiration (to evaporatively dissipate waste heat from an animal's body) is reduced by ambient humidity, that is, by elevated wet bulb temperature. (These factors impact not just subjective sensation but also alter the survivability of extreme environments, for example wind chill affects rate of frostbite injury onset and wet bulb temperature predictions are important in placing an upper limit to human adaptability to climate change.)

In meteorology, a formula is used to account for these other physical factors that influence temperature perception, for example the Australian Bureau of Meteorology has used what is known as the Steadman Apparent Temperature:

$$AT = T_a + 0.33e — 0.70v — 4.00$$

Here, $T_a$ is the ambient air temperature (°C), $e$ is the atmospheric water vapour pressure (hPa), and $v$ is the near-surface wind speed ($m/s$).

Thermoception is a topic in psychophysics (or more broadly, in biophysics).

We generally perceive heat flux rather than temperature directly, as animal thermoceptors signal in response to skin temperature changes. However, heat flux (and hence skin temperature changes) depend on other physical factors than just air temperature. The heat flux is lower if the air is still and higher in wind (as the flow forcibly drives convection and disrupts an insulating boundary layer). The effectiveness of perspiration (to evaporatively dissipate waste metabolic heat from an animal's body) is reduced by ambient humidity, that is, by elevated wet bulb temperature. (These factors impact not just subjective sensation but also alter the survivability of extreme environments, for example wind chill affects rate of frostbite injury onset and wet bulb temperature predictions are important in placing an upper limit to human adaptability to climate change.)

In meteorology, a formula is used to account for these other physical factors that influence temperature perception, for example the Australian Bureau of Meteorology has used what is known as the Steadman Apparent Temperature:

$$T' = T_a + 0.33e — 0.70v — 4.00$$

Here, $T_a$ is the ambient air temperature (°C), $e$ is the atmospheric water vapour pressure (hPa), and $v$ is the near-surface wind speed ($m/s$).