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  • 99.9% of the philosophers who developed a substantial concept of action do not count autonomous activities as actions. In fact, most of them consider intent to be essential for action. Commented Sep 8, 2023 at 7:05
  • @PhilipKlöcking Makes sense, however are these "actions" that I list autonomous activities just because I do not directly will them? The thing is I could make the decision to interfere with them. For example I can stop breathing (at least for a while). So these are different from mere reflexes, they do happen on their own and I don't pay attention to them right now, but I still want them to happen. So can it be possible to act by willful inaction? Like as soon as you become aware of a trolley problem you're making a decision regardless of whether you will your body to do anything. Commented Sep 8, 2023 at 13:23