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    $\begingroup$ Could you explain how to get from $\frac{1}{2}\sum_{j=1}^{2k}\left(\left\lfloor\frac{j^2}{m}\right\rfloor+\left\lfloor\frac{j'^2}{m}\right\rfloor\right)$ to $\frac{2k(k-1)}{3}+\frac{1}{2}\left\lfloor\frac{2k}{r}\right\rfloor $? $\endgroup$ Commented 2 days ago
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    $\begingroup$ Why is your set of test cases so small? Usually, we test all $k = 1...N$ and numbers $m=4k+1$ that meet the conditions, where $N = 20...10,000$ the higher the more confident we can be to proceed with the proof assuming no counter-example was found. $\endgroup$ Commented 2 days ago
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    $\begingroup$ @DanielWeber I've edited and supplemented some steps. It makes use of the identity $\left\lfloor\frac{j^2}{m}\right\rfloor + \left\lfloor\frac{j'^2}{m}\right\rfloor = \frac{j^2}{m}+\frac{j'^2}{m}+\epsilon$, where $\epsilon=0$ if $r$ divide $m$, and $\epsilon=-1$ in other case. $\endgroup$ Commented 2 days ago
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    $\begingroup$ @DanielWeber Sorry for my typo. '$r$ divides $m$' should be replaced with '$r$ divides $j$'. $\endgroup$ Commented 2 days ago
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    $\begingroup$ I answered a similar question at mathoverflow.net/questions/442497 . $\endgroup$ Commented yesterday