Improve nullability evaluation

This now supports evaluating nullability if subqueries, function-defined
tables or sqlc.embed macros are involved.
If nullable embeds are generated, this now errors out instead of
emitting code which breaks at runtime.

Generating correct type definitions for that case would be easy, but
scanning data into embed pointers is hard as it would require "peeking"
at row nullability to decide if the type should be allocated and scanned
into. Otherwise the null columns need to be directed into some kind
of sink. Because this is nontrivial to do this is not part of this PR.

internal/codegen/golang/result.go

@@ -379,7 +379,11 @@ func columnsToStruct(req *plugin.CodeGenRequest, options *opts, name string, col
 		if c.embed == nil {
 			f.Type = goType(req, options, c.Column)
 		} else {
-			f.Type = c.embed.modelType
+			if c.NotNull {
+				f.Type = c.embed.modelType
+			} else {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("embedded macro for %q is nullable, this is currently unsupported", c.embed.modelName)
+			}
 			f.EmbedFields = c.embed.fields
 		}
 

internal/compiler/output_columns.go

@@ -270,6 +270,10 @@ func (c *Compiler) outputColumns(qc *QueryCatalog, node ast.Node) ([]*Column, er
 					cols = append(cols, &Column{
 						Name:       embed.Table.Name,
 						EmbedTable: embed.Table,
+						// In general, embeds should not be nullable.
+						// If joins require them to be, this will be overriden
+						// later on.
+						NotNull: true,
 					})
 					continue
 				}
@@ -399,7 +403,7 @@ func (c *Compiler) outputColumns(qc *QueryCatalog, node ast.Node) ([]*Column, er
 
 	if n, ok := node.(*ast.SelectStmt); ok {
 		for _, col := range cols {
-			if !col.NotNull || col.Table == nil || col.skipTableRequiredCheck {
+			if !col.NotNull || col.skipTableRequiredCheck {
 				continue
 			}
 			for _, f := range n.FromClause.Items {
@@ -423,10 +427,27 @@ const (
 func isTableRequired(n ast.Node, col *Column, prior int) int {
 	switch n := n.(type) {
 	case *ast.RangeVar:
-		if n.Alias == nil && *n.Relname == col.Table.Name {
+		var tblName string
+		if col.Table != nil {
+			tblName = col.Table.Name
+		} else if col.EmbedTable != nil {
+			tblName = col.EmbedTable.Name
+		}
+		if tblName == "" {
+			return tableNotFound
+		}
+		if n.Alias == nil && *n.Relname == tblName {
+			return prior
+		}
+		if n.Alias != nil && *n.Alias.Aliasname == col.TableAlias && *n.Relname == tblName {
+			return prior
+		}
+	case *ast.RangeSubselect:
+		if n.Alias != nil && n.Alias.Aliasname != nil && *n.Alias.Aliasname == col.TableAlias {
 			return prior
 		}
-		if n.Alias != nil && *n.Alias.Aliasname == col.TableAlias && *n.Relname == col.Table.Name {
+	case *ast.RangeFunction:
+		if n.Alias != nil && n.Alias.Aliasname != nil && *n.Alias.Aliasname == col.TableAlias {
 			return prior
 		}
 	case *ast.JoinExpr: