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Marine-Resource Value and the Priority of Coastal Settlement: A California Perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Terry L. Jones
Terry L. Jones*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Abstract

The value of marine resources and coastal environments to hunter-gatherers has long been debated, with the archaeological record frequently invoked as the ultimate test for various arguments. Optimal-foraging principles suggest that the temporal priority of the exploitation of one resource over another indicates its value with respect to subsistence efficiency, a crucial variable in overall reproductive success. If coastal habitats are highly valuable, their exploitation should be seen early in the archaeological record; if not, a time lag should be evident between the initial exploitation of terrestrial and coastal environments. A review of the archaeology of early marine-resource use in prehistoric California reveals complex patterning that does not exclusively support one position or the other. Certain of these data accommodate the traditional model of an adaptive transition between specialized hunting of terrestrial big game during the Paleoindian period and diversification, including marine-resource exploitation, during the Archaic period. Others, however, suggest that shellfish were part of the diet of the initial colonists of western North America, indicating the value of this resource to mobility-restricted members of hunting and gathering groups.

Résumé

El valor que los recursos marítimos y ambientes costeros poseen para grupos de cazadores-recolectores ha sido largamente debatido, invocando frecuentemente al registro arqueológico comoprueba irrefutable en la discusión. En términos micro-econémicos, el hecho de que un recurso sea explotado antes que otros es un indicador de su eficiencia para la subsistencia, una variable crucial desde el punto de vista del éxito reproductive en general. Si los hábitats costeros poseen especial valor, el registro arquelógico debería demostrar que fueron explotados en períodos sumamente tempranos, de lo contrario, un intervalo temporal debería ser evidente entre el comienzo de la explotación de ambientes terrestres y costeros. El análisis de las evidencias sobre utilización temprana de recursos marítimos en la prehistoria del Estado de California revela, sin embargo, patrones complejos que no sustentan exclusivamente una posición o la otra. Algunos de estos datos se ajustan al modelo tradicional de una transición adaptativa entre la caza especializada de grandes animales terrestres durante el período Paleoindio y la diversificación, incluyendo la explotación de recursos marítimos, durante el período Arcaico. No obstante, otros datos sugieren que los mariscos constituyeron parte de la dieta de los primeros colonos del oeste de Norteamérica, enfatizando el valor de este recurso para los miembros de grupos de cazadores-recolectores con movilidad restringida.

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Articles
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American Antiquity , Volume 56 , Issue 3 , July 1991 , pp. 419 - 443
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1991

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References

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